Chapter Chapter Welding Procedures, Defects, and Corrective Actions Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 145 Objectives After studying this chapter, you will be able to: ❑ Define a qualified welding procedure. ❑ Describe five nondestructive inspection methods. ❑ Identify and correct GMAW and FCAW defects in groove, fillet, plug, and spot welds. Technical Terms defects destructive testing discontinuities ferromagnetic liquid penetrant inspection magnetic particle inspection nondestructive testing qualified procedure radiographic inspection ultrasonic inspection visual inspection Weld Defects and Testing All welds have fl aws, or fl discontinuities. The role of inspection is to locate and determine the extent of those fl aws. Extensive flaws fl are called fl defects and may cause a weld to fail. Nondestructive testing or g inspection of a weld or assembly verifi quality and fies does not cause damage. The part is usable after the testing is done. Destructive testing involves a series g of tests by destruction to determine the physical properties of a weld. This type of testing is used to verify welding procedures and qualify welder perfor- mance. Only nondestructive inspection methods are discussed in this chapter. These include visual, liquid penetrant, magnetic particle, ultrasonic, and radio- graphic testing. Chapter 18 further explains criteria used for inspection and welder qualification.fi Welding Procedures Many welding procedures have been created for various welding tasks. Procedures are customized based on the experience of the welder or person devel- oping the procedure and the needs of the application or industry. Electrode manufacturers have developed proce- dures for each of their products. An electrode will be used with different material thicknesses, applications, and positions. Since the manufacturer does not know the exact conditions of use, a procedure will yield the minimum and maximum settings for electrode speed and voltage requirements. Other considerations include equipment limitations and experience of the welder applying the procedure. The purpose of using