346 Chapter 13 Nutrition Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Nutrition for Older Adults Many older adults are less active than younger adults so they need fewer calories. For most other nutrients, however, older adults still need about the same amounts as when they were younger. The need for calcium actually increases for adults over age 50. See 13-14. Physical changes caused by the aging process can affect the eating habits of older adults. Such obstacles need to be kept in mind when planning meals. For instance, people who have trouble chewing may fi nd it easier to eat softer foods, such as pudding and applesauce. People who have sensitive stomachs may prefer milder versions of spicy foods like chili. While some changes in the diet are needed, it is important that foods remain appealing. Older adults must be willing to eat the foods they are served so that nutrient needs are met. Special Diets and Nutrition Needs People who are sick usually have additional nutrient needs. Fevers, vomiting, or diarrhea create the need for more water than usual to replace lost fl uids. People recovering from some illnesses, as well as surgery, need additional protein. The need for some vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin C and zinc, also increases. Those with diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cancer, and HIV/AIDS require a medical diet. These diets are prescribed by doctors and registered dietitians. Food Allergies Food allergies are abnormal reactions of a body’s immune system to certain proteins in food. Symptoms usually come on quickly, often in only a few minutes. They can range from nausea to rashes, shortness of breath, or even sudden death. Allergies usually develop in stages. When you fi rst encounter a food to which you are allergic, there may be mild or no symptoms. With later exposures, symptoms will likely appear and then recur whenever you eat the food. Over time, the severity of symptoms 13-14 Because older adults are often less active than younger adults, they need fewer calories from foods.