Living Living Green Green You want to meet new people, but where do you start? Consider working on a gardening or recycling project in your school or community. While helping the environment, you can cultivate friendships as well. Financial Literacy Types of Taxes Taxes collected for government services can be classified in the following ways: • Progressive taxes: as the item being taxed increases, the rate of tax increases. For instance, income tax is a progressive tax. The more you earn, the higher is the percentage of tax you pay. • Direct taxes: those charged directly to the people who are to pay them. Sales tax is an example of a direct tax. • Indirect taxes: are included in the price of taxed items. Excise tax is an example of an indirect tax. How do taxes affect citizens? Consider the following examples involving the purchase of gasoline and antifreeze, both costing $3.50 a gallon: • Excise tax of 20 cents a gallon is included in the price of the gasoline. Therefore, you will have to pay $3.50 for a gallon of gasoline. • A sales tax of 6 percent is added onto the price of the antifreeze. A gallon of the antifreeze will cost you $3.71. can Science Connection Generating Energy with Biomass Wood once provided all the energy needed for heating homes and cooking. Today it is used in fireplaces, but this is a minor use. Burning wood is restricted in many areas because the smoke contains pollutants. Industries that convert wood to paper, chemicals, and building products use wood waste to produce their own steam and electricity. Crops like corn and sugar are fermented to produce the transportation fuel called ethanol. Another such fuel, biodiesel, is made from oil extracted from soybeans. Although in limited supply, these new types of fuel will become more available in the future. Solid waste is considered biomass if it is the type that rots, such as food scraps and lawn clippings. (Trash also contains glass, metals, and plastics, which are not biomass.) Burning this waste generates steam and an ash by-product, often used for roads. When the waste is placed in a landfill, it releases a gas that can be converted to a fuel source. Research instances where children who were neglected emotionally developed physical health problems. What is the link between mental/emotional health and physical health? Wellness Awareness Math Connection Determining Quantities Kristen read that Americans create an average of 4.4 pounds of trash daily. She wants to know how much trash her class of 24 students creates in a year. She can do this by multiplying the average number of pounds by the number of students. 4.4 pounds × 24 students = 105.6 pounds per day Then she would multiply the daily number of pounds by the number of days in a year (365). 105.6 pounds per day × 365 days = 38,544 pounds per year K aver Coping and Self-Esteem Having positive self-esteem helps people cope with crises. People with positive self-esteem have a strong sense of self-worth and are less prone to self-criticism and unreasonable guilt. They are confident about their ability to accept new responsibilities. They are also likely to acknowledge how they have grown by meeting new challenges. Mental Health Awareness ix Financial Literacy features help you develop money-management skills. Wellness Awareness encourages you to explore health and wellness topics related to chapter content. Living Green offers easy tips to incorporate environmentally friendly habits into your daily life. Science Connection features link chapter content to the field of science. Math Connection expands the chapter content related to math. Specific examples demonstrate step- by-step calculations essential to life and career. Mental Health Awareness connects chapter content to mental health topics and shows how mental health can affect multiple areas of life. The easy-to-understand presentation of complex concepts helps you build essential skills for managing your life at home and in the workplace.