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Chapter 7 Middle Childhood: Growth and Development
By fifth or sixth grade, they are learning about 20 new words a day and
know about 40,000 words.
Preteens use more complex sentences in speech and writing. They
can understand grammar and the rules of writing. Most assignments
involve writing to gain practice for later grades. They know words have
multiple meanings. This is just one of the techniques they employ in jokes
and riddles.
At this stage, students are often
proficient readers. Many spend hours of
free time reading for pleasure. Books of
fantasy and adventure are popular.
Reading competence is important
for learning now and in the years
ahead. Some older children may
continue to struggle with reading. With
assistance, older children who are now
experiencing delays can still become
proficient readers.
Social-Emotional
Development
The ages of 10, 11, and 12 can be
a period of calm or a stormy one. Most
older children move back and forth as
they struggle to deal with new feelings,
problems, and expectations. Preteens see
themselves becoming independent. They
can be eager to please or have a bad
attitude, both in the same day. Because
adult relationships are important to them,
they can develop strong bonds with their
teachers, coaches, or club leaders.
Peer Relationships
The importance of peers continues
to grow (Figure 7.12). Children at this
stage need to feel accepted by others,
as friends and as part of groups. A best
friend not only provides companionship,
but also someone who can be counted
on for support and understanding. Group
activities give a sense of belonging.
Figure 7.12 Communicating with peers is
an important part of the social-emotional
development of 10- to 12-year-olds.