Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
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Glossary
egocentrism. Self-focus. (8)
empower. To give authority to. (12)
English language learners (ELL). Students
that must learn English while also mastering
the content of their regular classes. (9)
ethics. Conduct based on moral principles. (10)
ethnicity. Refers to a particular racial, national,
or cultural group including that group’s
customs, beliefs, values, and often language
and religion. (9)
exceptional learners. Students that require
special educational modifications and,
perhaps, other services that align with their
abilities and potential. (9)
executive strategies. Skills used to solve
problems. (7)
experiential learning. Learning that takes place
when students actually experience and then
reflect on their learning. (6)
experimental lab. Uses a formal process to
research a problem. (12)
expulsion. When a student loses the right to
attend school for a specified period of time. (5)
extracurricular activities. Activities that take
place before or after school. (1)
F
facilitator. An educator who creates situations
that help students learn by developing activities
that actively involve students in learning, rather
than just presenting information. (10)
fine-motor skills. Skills that depend on
development of the small muscles such as
those in the hands and wrists. (6)
formative assessment. An ongoing part of
instruction that provides feedback about
students’ learning as it occurs during
instruction; generally not graded. (14)
formulaic. An expression of facts, rules, or
procedures in mathematical symbols. (11)
G
genetics. The traits, abilities, skills, and tastes
people are born with. (6)
global economy. Finance, international corporations,
and trade link the economies of nations around the
world—particularly those of major countries. (4)
grants. Money that is given for a specific
purpose, such as educational expenses, that
does not have to be repaid. (2)
gray matter. The cells of the brain that actually
make a person think. (8)
gross-motor skills. Skills that depend on
development of the large muscles, including
those in the arms, legs, back, and shoulders. (6)
growth. Physical changes in size, such as gains
in height and weight. (6)
growth spurts. Rapid increases in height and
weight; marked growth that occurs during
adolescence. (8)
guided practice. An activity designed to reinforce
and apply learning that includes feedback from
other students or the teacher. (11)
H
hand-eye coordination. The ability to move the
hands precisely in response to what the eyes
see. (7)
headline. A set of introductory words to capture
attention. (16)
Holocaust. The mass slaughter of European
civilians, especially those of Jewish descent,
by the Nazis during World War II. (4)
hornbook. A flat wooden board with a handle.
A sheet of paper—usually containing the
alphabet, a prayer or two, and Roman
numerals—was pasted on the board. A thin,
flat piece of clear animal horn was attached to
cover and protect the paper. Used during the
Colonial Period. (3)
hypocrisy. Acting in contradiction to a person’s
stated beliefs or values. (8)
I
illiterate. Unable to read or write. (4)
inclusion. When students with special needs
attend regular classes with the requirement
that they will receive some benefit from the
classes, even if they are not able to keep up
academically with class requirements. (9)
independent practice. A personal activity outside
of class that students complete on their own. (11)
individual accountability. A way to assess each
student’s participation and learning. (12)
Individualized Education Program (IEP). A
written plan for providing a student with the
most appropriate opportunity for learning. (9)
Industrial Revolution. A period of complex
economic, technological, and social change in
America and worldwide. (3)