Chapter 3 Communicating Design Ideas
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Orthographic projection overcomes both these problems. This kind
of drawing shows each surface of the object separately, as if you were
looking straight at it. The viewing angle is at right angles to the surface.
In this way, you see the exact shape, or view, of each surface. Complete
information is usually given by drawing three views: front, top, and right
side. To understand how a view is produced, imagine that you are the
person in Figure 3-23. Because you are looking at the object “square on,”
you will only see the area that is colored red. Since this is the front of the
object, this view is called the front view.
To produce a top view, imagine you are above the object looking
down at it. The view you would see is shown in blue. The right-side view,
shown in green, is drawn by looking at the right side square on. These
three views are always arranged as shown in Figure 3-24.
1. Draw horizon.
2. Draw front vertical edge.
3. Draw lines to vanishing points.
4. Draw left and right edges.
5. Draw lines from edges to vanishing points.
VP
VP
VP
VP
VP
VP
VP
VP
VP
VP
gure 3-22. In a perspective sketch, lines become shorter as they recede into the distance.
gure 3-23.
only one side of an object. This person can
see only the side of the block shaded red.
Top
Front
Right
Side
gure 3-24. The proper arrangement for
orthographic views of an object.