x Video Digital Communication & Production
CHAPTER
Lighting Tools
About Lighting Tools . . . . . . . . .282
Tools for Available Light . . . . . . .282
Controlling Quantity . . . . . . . . .
282
Controlling Direction. . . . . . . . .
284
Controlling Color . . . . . . . . . . .
285
Tools for Adding Light . . . . . . . .287
Spotlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
287
Floodlights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
288
Softlights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
290
On-Camera Lights . . . . . . . . . .
291
Practicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
291
Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292
Incandescent Lamps . . . . . . . . .
292
Halogen Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . .
292
Fluorescent Lamps . . . . . . . . . .
292
LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
293
Lighting Accessories . . . . . . . . .295
Accessories for Lighting Instruments .
295
Other Lighting Accessories . . . . .
297
Electrical Accessories. . . . . . . . .
298
Lighting Evaluation Tools . . . . . .
299
Inexpensive Lighting Equipment . .299
Lighting Instruments. . . . . . . . .
299
Refl ectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
300
Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
301
Screens and Silks . . . . . . . . . . .
301
Weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
301
Reference Monitor . . . . . . . . . .
302
CHAPTER
Lighting Design
About Lighting Design. . . . . . . .309
Lighting Standards . . . . . . . . . .309
Light Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . .
309
Light Contrast. . . . . . . . . . . . .
310
Light Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
310
Recording a Standard Image . . . .
311
Lighting Character . . . . . . . . . .
312
Lighting Styles . . . . . . . . . . . .312
Naturalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
313
Realism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
313
Pictorial Realism . . . . . . . . . . .
313
Magic Realism. . . . . . . . . . . . .
314
Expressionism. . . . . . . . . . . . .
314
Lighting Strategies . . . . . . . . . .315
Identifying Basic Objectives . . . . .
315
Selecting a Lighting Approach . . .
317
Choosing a Lighting “Key” . . . . .
321
Lighting Procedures . . . . . . . . .322
Using Small-Source Lights. . . . . .
322
Using Large-Source Lights. . . . . .
323
Using Cookies. . . . . . . . . . . . .
324
Using Refl ectors. . . . . . . . . . . .
326
Using Screens and Silks . . . . . . .
328
CHAPTER
Lighting Applications
About Lighting Applications . . . .334
Lighting Subjects . . . . . . . . . . .334
Classic Studio Lighting. . . . . . . .
334
“Natural” Lighting . . . . . . . . . .
336
Lighting Backgrounds . . . . . . . .
338
Lighting Locations . . . . . . . . . .339
Small Interiors. . . . . . . . . . . . .
339
Large Interiors . . . . . . . . . . . .
341
Exteriors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
343
Lighting Problems . . . . . . . . . .345
Subject Problems . . . . . . . . . . .
345
Specialized Light Sources . . . . . .
346
Lighting Night Scenes . . . . . . . .349
Interior Scenes . . . . . . . . . . . .
349
Exterior Scenes . . . . . . . . . . . .
350
Day-for-Night Lighting . . . . . . .
350
Lighting Assignments . . . . . . . .353
Interviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
353
Stand-Up Reports. . . . . . . . . . .
354
Lighting for Compositing . . . . . .
356
Small Objects and Areas . . . . . . .
357
Graphic Materials. . . . . . . . . . .
359
Video Snapshots . . . . . . . . . . .
360
Internet Lighting . . . . . . . . . . .
361