xii Brief Contents Section 1—Introduction to Welding 1 Careers in Welding ................................................................................................................................ 3 2 Safety in the Welding Shop ................................................................................................................. 19 3 Welding and Cutting Processes .......................................................................................................... 35 4 The Physics of Welding ....................................................................................................................... 47 5 Math for Welding ................................................................................................................................. 59 6 Math Applications for Welders............................................................................................................. 75 7 Weld Joints and Positions ................................................................................................................... 91 8 Welding Symbols and Print Reading................................................................................................. 107 Section 2—Shielded Metal Arc Welding 9 SMAW: Equipment and Supplies ...................................................................................................... 127 10 SMAW: Equipment Assembly and Adjustment .................................................................................. 143 11 SMAW: Electrodes ............................................................................................................................ 153 12 SMAW: Flat Welding Position ............................................................................................................ 167 13 SMAW: Horizontal, Vertical, and Overhead Welding Positions ......................................................... 185 14 Surfacing ........................................................................................................................................... 197 Section 3—Gas Metal and Flux Cored Arc Welding 15 GMAW and FCAW: Equipment and Supplies ................................................................................... 209 16 GMAW and FCAW: Equipment Assembly and Adjustment ............................................................... 229 17 GMAW and FCAW: Flat Welding Position ......................................................................................... 247 18 GMAW: Horizontal, Vertical, and Overhead Welding Positions ......................................................... 263 Section 4—Gas Tungsten Arc Welding 19 GTAW: Equipment and Supplies ....................................................................................................... 277 20 GTAW: Equipment Assembly and Adjustment ................................................................................... 291 21 GTAW: Flat Welding Position ............................................................................................................. 305 22 GTAW: Horizontal, Vertical, and Overhead Welding Positions .......................................................... 323