xv Chapter 8 Welding Symbols and Print Reading .............................. 107 The Three-View Drawing .................108 The Isometric Drawing .....................109 Title Block and Print Reading ........... 110 The ANSI/AWS Welding Symbol ...... 110 Plug and Slot Welds .........................118 Spot Welds .......................................119 Seam Welds .....................................119 Section 2 Shielded Metal Arc Welding..............................126 Chapter 9 SMAW: Equipment and Supplies ............................... 127 Shielded Metal Arc Welding Principles ......................................128 SMAW Current and Polarity .............128 SMAW Outfit ....................................130 Chapter 10 SMAW: Equipment Assembly and Adjustment ........................... 143 Welding Machine .............................144 Electrode and Workpiece Leads ......145 Inspecting the SMAW Outfit .............147 Adjusting the Machine .....................147 Chapter 11 SMAW: Electrodes ...................... 153 Covered Electrodes .........................154 Electrode Amperage Requirements ...............................159 Choosing an Electrode ....................159 Care of Electrodes ...........................161 Chapter 12 SMAW: Flat Welding Position ...... 167 Preparing to Weld ............................168 SMAW Safety Precautions ...............168 Striking an Arc ..................................169 Arc Blow ...........................................169 Running a Weld Bead ......................171 Drag Welding ...................................174 Cleaning the Weld ............................175 Reading the Weld Bead ...................176 Tack Welding ....................................176 Fillet Welding ...................................177 Butt Joint ..........................................179 Weld Defects ....................................181 Chapter 13 SMAW: Horizontal, Vertical, and Overhead Welding Positions ....... 185 Preparing to Weld ............................186 Horizontal Welding Position .............187 Vertical Welding Position ..................190 Overhead Welding Position ..............192 Weld Defects ....................................194 Chapter 14 Surfacing ..................................... 197 Surfacing Principles .........................198 Surfacing Electrodes ........................199 Surfacing Process ............................201 Surfacing with Shielded Metal..........203 Section 3 Gas Metal and Flux Cored Arc Welding .............208 Chapter 15 GMAW and FCAW: Equipment and Supplies ...............................209 Gas Metal and Flux Cored Arc Welding Principles ..................210 Metal Transfer ..................................212 GMAW and FCAW Equipment .........216 Protective Clothing and Equipment ..223 Chapter 16 GMAW and FCAW: Equipment Assembly and Adjustment ...........229 Assembly and Setup ........................230 Selecting the Shielding Gas .............234