6 Unit 1 Prints—The Language of Industry . . . . . 11 Making Original Drawings 12 CAD Systems 12 Making Tracings for Reproduction 14 What Is a Print? 14 Why Are Prints Used? 14 Reproduction Techniques 14 Xerography (Electrostatic) Process 14 The Microfilm Process 16 Traditional Printmaking Processes 16 Diazo Process 16 Blueprints 16 Importance of Prints to Welders 17 Care of Prints 17 Unit 2 Review of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 U.S. Customary and Metric Measuring Systems 21 Reading a Fractional Inch Graduated Rule 21 Reading a Decimal Inch Graduated Rule 23 Reading a Metric Graduated Rule 23 Converting Linear Measurements 23 Converting Decimal Fractions to Common Fractions 24 Converting Common Fractions to Decimal Fractions 25 Interpreting Dimensions on Drawings 26 Metric Unit Symbols 26 Reading Inch and Metric Measurements on Drawings 27 Unit 3 A Review of Fractions and Decimals . . . . 37 Fractions 37 Rules for Using Fractions 38 Adding Fractions 38 Subtracting Fractions 39 Multiplying Fractions 39 Dividing Fractions 40 Decimal Fractions 40 Adding and Subtracting Decimal Fractions 41 Multiplying Decimal Fractions 41 Dividing Decimal Fractions 42 Additional Information on Decimal Fractions 42 Metrics 43 Conversions 45 Decimal Fraction to Fraction Conversion 45 Metric to Decimal Fraction or Fraction Conversion 45 Unit 4 Alphabet of Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Types of Lines 49 Visible Line 49 Hidden Line 49 Center Line 52 Section Line 52 Cutting-Plane Line 52 Break Line 53 Dimension and Extension Lines 54 Phantom Line 54 How the Alphabet of Lines Is Used 54 Unit 5 Understanding Prints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Multiviews 61 Auxiliary Views 64 Sectional Views 66 Cutting-Plane Line 68 Section Lining 69 Thin Section 70 Full Section 70 Half Section 71 Revolved Section 71 Removed Section 71 Offset Section 71 Broken-Out Section 72 Conventional Break 72 Sections through Webs and Ribs 73 Rules on Reading Prints 73 Contents