9 Unit 21 Pipe Welding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Piping Drawings 268 Unit 22 Brazed Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Unit 23 Basic Metalworking Processes . . . . . . . . 287 Castings 287 Permanent Mold Casting 288 Die Casting 289 Investment or Lost Wax Casting 290 Shell Molding 290 Sand Casting 290 Forging 291 Extrusion 293 Machine Tools 293 Lathe 295 Drill Press 295 Planing Machines 297 Milling Machines 299 Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Machine Tools 300 Grinding Machines 302 Saws 302 Cold Forming Metal 304 Spinning 304 Shear Spinning 305 Explosive Forming 306 Stamping 307 Shearing 307 Stretch Forming 309 Bending 309 Roll Forming 309 Tube Bending 311 Unit 24 Examining and Testing Welds. . . . . . . . . 317 Basic Classifications of Quality Control Techniques 318 Destructive Examination 318 Guided Bend Test 318 Tensile Test 318 Nondestructive Examination (NDE) 319 Basic Nondestructive Examination Symbols 319 Elements of the Examination Symbol 319 Location Significance of Arrow 320 Location of Examination Symbol 320 Direction of Radiation 321 Combination of Nondestructive Examination Symbols and Welding Symbols 321 Specifying Length of Section to Be Examined 321 Specifying a Section or Plane Area to Be Examined 322 Major Nondestructive Examination (NDE) Methods 322 Visual Testing (VT) 322 Magnetic Particle Testing (MT) 322 Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT) 323 Radiographic Testing (RT) 324 Ultrasonic Testing (UT) 324 Unit 25 Print Reading Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 25A—Floor Support Assembly 330 25B—Side Sill Assembly 332 25C—Center Sill Web and Flange Assembly 334 25D—Bulkhead Assembly 336 25E—Sheave Wheel Bracket Assembly 338 25F—Striker Assembly 340 25G—Spacer Support, H.D. 342 25H—Bracket 344 25I—Pump Plate 346 25J—Exhaust Support Assembly 348 Reference Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380