iii Preface Just about every manufactured product uses welding, either directly or indirectly. Over the years, a system of symbols and notations has been devel- oped to convey exact weld specifications. Welding symbols and notations allow a large amount of data about a weld to be condensed into a small amount of space on a print. They simplify communications between the designer/engineer and the welder and also between other workers associated with the pro- duction of a weldment. Symbols and notations help assure that welds meet design requirements. A welder, or anyone else (technician, engineer, drafter, etc.) working with welding prints, must know how to use the welding symbols and notations. This text is designed to help you grasp this information as quickly and easily as possible. Welding Print Reading provides instruction on interpreting and using the type of engineering drawings and prints found in the welding trade. It is a write-in text, or text-workbook, that starts out with the basics and progresses to more specialized coverage of specific welding symbols and notations. The information in this text follows to the most recent standards set up by the American Welding Society (AWS) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). However, this text is based on actual prints that are used in industry. While most industry practices conform to the national stan- dards, any variation in a particular print has been retained for realistic experience. This will prepare you to work with prints being used in industry today. This text is intended for students in high schools, vocational/technical schools, community colleges, for apprentices, and for workers on the job. It may also be used as a self-study course for those unable to attend print reading classes. Each unit is designed to deliver complete cover- age of specific welding print reading topics. Example prints, illustrations, symbols, and notations are used throughout each unit to reinforce these topics. At the end of each unit, there are problems that deal with the topics just covered in the unit. These problems are used to review the key concepts learned in the unit. Unit 25, Print Reading Activities, consists of additional prints and related questions. These activi- ties are designed to give you the opportunity for added practice of your welding print reading skills. It is suggested that these activities be performed after the completion of the first 24 units, but they may be used anytime as a review. Each author has many years of experience in the teaching, welding, and print reading fields. They are confident that you will find this text a tremendous tool for learning how to read and interpret welding prints. John R. Walker John R. Walker is the author of thirteen textbooks and has written many magazine articles. Mr. Walker did his undergraduate studies at Millersville University and has a Master of Science degree in Industrial Education from the University of Maryland. He taught industrial arts and vocational education for thirty-two years and was Supervisor of Industrial Education for five years. He also worked as a machinist for the U.S. Air Force and as a draftsman at the U.S. Army Aberdeen Proving Grounds. About the Authors W. Richard Polanin W. Richard Polanin is a professor at Illinois Central College, as well as the coordinator of the Manufacturing Engineering Technology and Welding Technology pro- grams. He is an AWS Fellow and AWS Director-at- Large, Principal Investigator for Weld-Ed, presenter at the AWS Welding Instructors Institute, and lecturer on manufacturing, robotics, welding, and education. Dr. Polanin has a bachelor’s and master’s degree from Illinois State University and a doctorate degree from the University of Illinois. In addition to his twenty-five years of teaching, he is an active consultant in welding and manufacturing. He is an AWS Certified Welding Inspector, AWS Certified Welding Educator, and a SME Certified Manufacturing Engineer. He has pub- lished numerous technical papers and has made many technical presentations in the areas of welding, manu- facturing, robotics, and manufacturing education.