Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Chapter 5 The Skeletal System 163 Medical Terminology: The Skeletal System By understanding the word parts that make up medical words, you can extend your medical vocabulary. This chapter includes many of the word parts listed below. Review these word parts to be sure you understand their meanings. a- no, not, loss of arthr/o joint cortic/o cortex, outer part epi- above, upon hemato- blood hyper- above, excessive hypo- below, insufficient inter- between men/o menses, menstruation oste/o bone peri- around -physis to grow -poiesis formation -rrhea flow, discharge -trophy condition Now use these word parts to form valid medical words that fit the following definitions. Some of the words are included in this chapter. Others are not. When you finish, use a medical dictionary to check your work. 1. formation of blood 2. outer layer of bone 3. around the bone 4. to grow upon 5. condition of above-normal density or growth rate 6. between the vertebrae 7. condition of bone loss 8. lack of menstrual flow 9. inflammation of a joint 10. bone and joint inflammation Chapter 5 Summary • The five functions of the skeletal system are support, protection, movement, storage, and blood cell formation. • The four categories (by shape) of bones are long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. • Throughout a person’s life, osteoblasts build new bone tissue, and osteoclasts resorb damaged bone tissue. • Remodeling of bones continues throughout life to keep bones strong. • The skull contains eight cranial bones and fourteen facial bones. • The five sections of the spine are the cervical region, thoracic region, lumbar region, sacrum, and coccyx. • The thoracic cage surrounds and protects the heart and lungs. • The upper extremity includes the shoulder complex, arms, wrists, and hands. • The lower extremity includes the pelvic girdle, legs, ankles, and feet. • The three main categories of joints, with regard to function, are the immovable joints, the slightly movable joints, and the freely movable joints. • Articular tissues include articular fibrocartilage, tendons, ligaments, and bursae. • The nature of a fracture depends on the size, direction, and duration of the injurious force, as well as the health and maturity of the bone. • Osteoporosis is a condition in which bone mineralization and strength are critically low, often leading to fractures. • Sprains, dislocations, and bursitis are common joint injuries. • Arthritis is characterized by joint inflammation accompanied by pain, stiffness, and sometimes swelling. Chapter 5 Review Understanding Key Concepts 1. Name the five functions of the skeletal system. 2. The term for blood cell formation is: A. osteocyte B. hematopoiesis C. osteogenesis D. osteoblast 3. Strong, dense bone tissue is called _____. A. trabecular bone B. coxal bone C. cortical bone D. hard bone