164 Anatomy & Physiology Essentials Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 4. Bones are classified as long, short, flat, irregular, or _____. 5. The shaft, or middle, of a bone is called the _____. 6. Specialized bone cells that break down bone are called _____. A. osteocytes B. osteoclasts C. osteoblasts D. osteons 7. Specialized bone cells that build new bone are called _____. A. osteocytes B. osteoclasts C. osteoblasts D. osteons 8. Which spinal region includes the vertebrae of the neck? A. thoracic B. lumbar C. sacral D. cervical 9. Which spinal region connects to the ribs? A. thoracic B. lumbar C. sacral D. cervical 10. Which condition causes a lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine? A. lordosis B. kyphosis C. scoliosis D. neurosis 11. Which of the following is not part of the thoracic cage? A. the ribs B. the thoracic vertebrae C. the sternum D. the sacrum 12. Which of the following is true about the false ribs? A. They do not attach directly to the sternum. B. They do not attach directly to the vertebrae. C. They do not attach directly to anything. D. They do not exist. 13. Which structures make up the axial skeleton? A. the arms and legs B. the head and trunk C. the thoracic cage D. the spinal column 14. Which structures are part of the appendicular skeleton? A. the head and trunk B. the spinal column C. the arms and legs D. the thoracic cage 15. Which bone is always on the “little finger” side of the forearm? A. humerus B. radius C. ulna D. tibia 16. What is the term for the prominent upper edge of the hip bone? A. sacroiliac joint B. acetabulum C. ischium D. iliac crest 17. What is the longest, strongest bone in the body? A. sternum B. humerus C. femur D. tibia 18. Which of the following is the heel bone? A. talus B. femur C. patella D. calcaneus 19. The shoulder girdle consists of the right and left clavicles and the right and left _____. 20. There are _____ bones in each wrist and hand. 21. The three bones that fuse to form a coxal bone are the ilium, pubis, and _____. 22. Which of the following are immovable joints? A. sutures of the skull B. gliding joints C. pivot joints D. hinge joints