Chapter 6 The Muscular System 101 Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be reproduced or posted to a publicly accessible website. Name ________________________________________________________________ Date ________________________ Class ________________ Activity 6.5 LABORATORY INVESTIGATION Basic Gait Analysis Objectives At the completion of this activity, you will be able to: • Describe the phases of a gait cycle. • Identify major muscles groups and joint actions involved with each phase of gait. • Explain one abnormal gait and how it impacts the gait cycle. Materials smartphone or other device capable of video and audio recording Background Walking is a complex sequence of movements that utilizes a unique set of vocabulary. Before continuing with this laboratory activity, review the gait cycle in the following chart and the definitions below. Gait Cycle* Stance Phase Swing Phase Single Limb Support Loading Response Mid-Stance Terminal Stance Pre-Swing Initial Swing Mid-Swing Terminal Swing * Note that while one foot is completing a gait cycle, the other foot is completing a different cycle. Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Gait cycle: one completed set of movements to advance the lower limb measured from the initial contact of one foot to the next initial contact of the same foot. Stance phase: the segment of a gait cycle in which the limb (left or right) of interest is in contact with the ground accounts for roughly 60% of a gait cycle. Loading response: the first 10% of the stance phase, including initial contact and the shifting of weight to the limb of interest (Figure 6.5A). Single-limb support: the segment of a gait cycle in which the limb of interest is bearing all the weight of the body while the opposite limb swings forward ends with the initial contact of the opposite foot. This phase can be equally divided into a mid-stance and terminal stance. A. Mid-stance: the segment of a gait cycle in which the opposite foot pushes off through the point of being in line with the stance limb (Figure 6.5B). B. Terminal stance: the segment of a gait cycle in which the opposite foot advances forward, past the stance limb, and ends with initial contact of the opposite foot (Figure 6.5C). Pre-swing: the final 10% of the stance phase the segment of a gait cycle between the initial contact of the opposite foot to the toe-off (push-off) of the foot of interest (Figure 6.5D).