v Safety Guide Laboratory Safety Rules and Regulations.. . . . . . . . . . vii CHAPTER 1 Foundations of Human Anatomy and Physiology.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Regional Anatomy and Terminology . . . . . 3 1.2 Anatomical Planes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.3 The Body Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 CHAPTER 2 Molecules and Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.1 Building DNA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.2 Organelles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.3 Cell Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 CHAPTER 3 Body Tissues .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.1 Origin of Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.2 Introduction to Histology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 CHAPTER 4 Membranes and the Integumentary System .. . . . . . . . . . 39 4.1 Cells of the Integument. . . . . . . . . . . .⤀ . . . . . . . . . . . 41 4.2 Layers of the Integumentary System. . . . . . . 43 4.3 Appendages of the Skin . . . . . . . . . . . 47 CHAPTER 5 The Skeletal System.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 5.1 Bone Identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 5.2 Classification of Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 5.3 Major Skeletal Anatomy Palpations. . . . . . . . . 63 CHAPTER 6 The Muscular System.. . . . . . . . . . . . 69 6.1 Muscle Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 6.2 Agonist vs. Antagonist Muscles . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 6.3 Manual Muscle Testing. . . . . . . . . . . .⤀ . . . . . . . . . . . 87 6.4 Soft Tissue Palpation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 6.5 Basic Gait Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 CHAPTER 7 The Nervous System.. . . . . . . . . . . . 107 7.1 Autonomic Nervous System . . . . . . . . 109 7.2 Common Stretch Reflexes . . . . . . . . . 113 7.3 Cranial Nerve Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 7.4 Brain Dissection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 CHAPTER 8 The Sensory Systems .. . . . . . . . . . . 129 8.1 Regions of the Tongue . . . . . . . . . . . 131 8.2 Pupil Reactions and Motor Control of the Eye. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 8.3 Challenging the Equilibrium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 8.4 Eye Dissection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Contents = hands-on laboratory activity
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