Table of Contents 9
Chapter 10
Review of Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Electric Shock 192
Sources of Shock in the Vehicle / Sources of Shock in
the Shop
Electrical Burns 193
Electrical Fires 194
Rules to Prevent Electrical Fires / In Case of Fire
Battery Dangers 194
Battery Explosions / Other Rules for Battery Safety
Rules for Working with Gasoline 196
General Safety Rules 196
Section 2—System Construction and
Operation
Chapter 11
Automotive Computer Operation. . . . . . . . 203
Cybernetics 204
Input: The Nervous System / Processor: The Brain /
Output: The Body’s Response
Automotive Computer Systems 205
Electronic Control Units 205
ECU Locations / Names for Automotive ECUs / Types
of ECUs and Modules
Sensors 208
Sensor Locations / Sensor Classifi cations / Active
and Passive Sensors / Sensor Signals/ Types of
Sensors / Open and Closed Loop Modes / Circuit
Sensing
Actuators 220
Actuator Classifi cations / Motor Actuator Operation /
Solenoid Actuator Operation / Relay Actuator
Operation
Computer Confi guration 222
Microprocessor / Types of Memory / Data Exchange
Integrated Computer Systems 226
Serial and Parallel Communication / Network
Confi gurations / Network Wiring
Chapter 12
Battery Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Battery Functions 234
Battery Construction 235
Battery Cell Construction / Battery Case / Battery
Terminals / Battery Charge Indicator / Battery Tray
and Retainer / Battery Cables
Battery Operation 238
Discharging and Charging / Battery Cell Operation /
Battery Voltage / Battery Temperature and Effi ciency
Types of Lead-Acid Batteries 241
Wet- and Dry-Charged Batteries / Maintenance-Free
Battery / Gel Battery / Absorbed Glass Mat Battery
Battery Ratings 241
Cold Cranking Amps Rating / Reserve Capacity Rating
Chapter 13
Starting Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Major Starting System Parts 246
Starting Motor Operation 246
Armature / Magnetic Field Generation / Frames /
Overrunning Clutch / Internal Motor Circuits
Starting Motor Classifi cations 249
Positive Engagement Starter / Solenoid-Actuated
Starter / Gear Reduction Starter
Starter Solenoids 252
Solenoid Construction / Solenoid Operation
Starter Relay 254
Safety Switches 254
Neutral Safety Switch / Clutch Safety Switch
Chapter 14
Charging Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Basic Charging Circuit 260
Alternator 260
Rotor and Stator Assemblies / Brush Assembly /
Rectifi er Assembly / Fan and Pulley Assembly
Voltage Regulator 263
Types of Voltage Regulators / Voltage Regulator
Operation
Alternator Vacuum Pump 267
Charge Indicator 268