8 Auto Electricity and Electronics Copyright by Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Lightbulbs | Coils | Transformers | Relays | Solenoids | Electric Motors Electrical/Electronic Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Chapter 5 Electronic Components and Principles. . 81 Types of Electronic Components . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Semiconductors | Diodes | Transistors | Th yristors | Piezoelectric Crystal | Photonic Devices | Integrated Circuits Electronic Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Waves and Pulses | Frequency | Noise Digital Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Binary Numbering System | Gate Circuits | Truth Tables Chapter 6 Tools and Test Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Soldering Tools | Pliers and Wire Stripping Tools | Screwdrivers | Battery Service Tools | Other Tools General-Purpose Test Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Scan Tools | Engine Analyzers | Exhaust Gas Analyzers Other Test Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Test Lights | Multimeters | Inductive Wire Tracers | Temperature Probes | Vacuum Gauges | Oscilloscopes | Electronic Listening Devices | Test Equipment for Charging and Starting Systems | System-Specifi c Test Equipment | Diesel Service Equipment Chapter 7 Wiring and Wiring Repairs. . . . . . . . . . . 117 Automotive Wiring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Types of Wire | Wire Size | Color Codes | Wire Current-Carrying Rules | Wire Protection Devices | Wiring Harnesses Cutting and Stripping Wire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Solder | Tinning | Soldering Components | Covering Exposed Conductors Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Crimp Connectors | Self-Stripping Connectors | Factory Connectors | Protection from Moisture Wiring Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Bypassing a Connector | Bypassing a Wire | Fuse Link Service | Adding Electric Accessories | Twisted Cable Service Chapter 8 Manufacturer Service Information . . . . 139 Using Service Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Abbreviations | Illustrations | Diagnostic Charts | References | Repair Procedures | Specifi cations | Component Locations Using Wiring Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Names of Wiring Harnesses | Wire Code Identifi cation System | Wiring Splices | Grounds | Alternate Circuits and Optional Wiring | Junction Blocks | Connector Electrical Values | Steps for Using Wiring Diagrams Types of Wiring Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Harness Routing Diagram | Connector Diagram | Power Distribution Diagram | Location Grid | Main Wiring Diagram | System Wiring Diagram | Block Diagram Other Types of Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Technical Service Bulletins | Computerized Service Data | Online Services | Technical Assistance Hotlines Work Orders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Chapter 9 Basic Electrical Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Basic Circuit Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Electrical Diagnosis and Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Trial-and-Error Approach | Systematic Approach Types of Circuit Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Open Circuit | High Circuit Resistance | Short Circuit | Intermittent Problems Using Testing Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Using Jumper Wires | Using a Test Light | Using an Inductive Wire Tracer Using a Multimeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Meter Connections | Meter Controls | Voltage Measurements | Voltage Drop Measurements | Resistance Measurements | Amperage Measurements | Rules for Using Multimeters