10 Auto Electricity and Electronics Copyright by Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Alternator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 Rotor and Stator Assemblies | Brush Assembly | Rectifi er Assembly | Fan and Pulley Assembly Voltage Regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Types of Voltage Regulators | Voltage Regulator Operation Alternator Vacuum Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Charge Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Chapter 15 Ignition Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Ignition System Fundamentals. . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Ignition System Operation | Primary and Secondary Circuits Spark Plugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Spark Plug Sizes | Non-Resistor and Resistor Spark Plugs | Spark Plug Seats | Spark Plug Reach | Spark Plug Heat Range | Spark Plug Gap Secondary Wires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Ignition Coil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Primary and Secondary Windings | Ignition Coil Operation | Ignition Coil Designs | Wasted Spark Ignition Coil Bypass Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 Firing Order. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Distributorless Ignition Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Distributorless Ignition Operation Direct Ignition Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Ionic Combustion Sensing | Dual Spark Plug Ignition | Multiple Discharge Ignition Distributor-Based Ignition Systems. . . . . . . . . . 283 Ignition Distributor Operation | Electronic Ignition Systems | Contact Point Ignition Systems | Crankshaft Triggered Ignition Ignition Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 Electronic Spark Advance | Distributor Centrifugal Advance | Distributor Vacuum Advance Chapter 16 Fuel and Emission Control Systems Electronics . . . . . . . . . 297 Types of Electronic Fuel Systems . . . . . . . . . . . 298 Fuel Subsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 Fuel System Diagrams and Schematics . . . . . . 298 Fuel System Block Diagrams | Conventional Fuel System Diagrams | Fuel System Schematics Electronic Gasoline Injection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Gasoline Injectors | Unitized Multiport Injection | Indirect and Direct Gasoline Injection | Air-Assisted Fuel Injection Electronic Gasoline Injection Control . . . . . . . . 308 Injection Timing | Injector Pulse Width | Open Loop and Closed Loop | Oxygen Sensors | Idle Speed Electronic Diesel Injection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Solenoid Diesel Injectors | Piezo Diesel Injectors | Glow Plug System Computer-Controlled Carburetors . . . . . . . . . . 318 Computer-Controlled Carburetor Operation | Electric Choke | Solenoid Bowl Vent | Fuel Shut-Off Solenoid Electric Fuel Pumps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 Inertia Switch Throttle-By-Wire Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Emission Control Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Computer-Controlled Catalytic Converter | Exhaust Gas Recirculation Systems | Electronic Evaporative Emissions Control Electronic Turbocharger Control . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Chapter 17 Lighting, Instrumentation, Navigation Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 Lightbulbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 Lighting Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 Headlight System | Turn, Emergency, Stoplight Systems | Light Failure System Instrumentation Gauges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 Gauge Types | Temperature Gauge | Fuel Gauge | Fuel Consumption Indicator | Low Fuel Warning Light | Voltmeter Circuit | Oil Pressure Gauge | Low Oil Level Indicator | Tachometer Instrument Cluster Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . 343 Instrument Panel Wiring | Speedometer/Engine Tachometer | Digital Instrument Clusters | Instrumentation ECM | Instrumentation Power Supply | Instrumentation Switches | Monitor | Heads-Up Display | Video Display Voice Alert System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351