8 Auto Engine Performance and Driveability
Chapter 8
Ignition System Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . 143
Ignition System 144
Primary Ignition Circuit; Distributor-Type Ignition
Systems; Distributorless Ignition Systems
Primary Wiring and Connectors 151
Resistor; Capacitor
Ignition Timing 152
Ignition Timing Advance Systems 152
Secondary Ignition Circuit 153
Secondary Wires; Spark Plugs
Misfire Monitor 155
Misfire Monitor Operation; Ion-Sensing Ignition
System
Chapter 9
Fuel System Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Fuel System 160
Automotive Fuels 160
Gasoline; Diesel Fuel
Fuel Delivery System 162
Fuel Tanks; Fuel Lines; Fuel Pumps; Fuel Filters
Fuel Metering System 164
Fuel Injectors; Fuel Injection System Classification;
Fuel Injection Pressure Regulators; Cold Start-Up;
Diesel Fuel Injection Systems
Sensor Inputs for Computer Control
of the Fuel Injection System 173
OBD II Fuel System Monitoring and Control 174
Fuel Trim Monitoring; Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
Air-Induction System 174
Intake Manifold; Intake Plenum; Superchargers and
Turbochargers; Vacuum Hoses; Air Cleaners and
Filter Elements
Chapter 10
Emission Control and Exhaust System
Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Common Pollutants 184
Emission Control Systems 184
Emission System Tampering 185
Internal Engine Components 185
Combustion Chamber Shapes; Compression Ratio;
Number of Valves; Camshafts; Variable Valve
Timing; Thermostats
External Systems and Components 190
Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV); Heated
Oxygen Sensors (HO2S); Thermostatic Air Cleaner;
Throttle Body Coolant Passages; Evaporative
Emission Control System; Air-Injection Systems;
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System
Exhaust System 197
Exhaust Manifolds; Catalytic Converter; Mufflers and
Resonators; Exhaust Pipes and Tailpipes; Exhaust
System Factors; Non-Stock Exhaust System Alterations
Emissions Inspections 201
Chapter 11
Drive Train and Other System
Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
How Non-Engine Systems Can Affect Driveability 206
Drive Train Components 206
Manual Transmission/Transaxle Clutch; Automatic
Transmission/Transaxle Torque Converter; Manual
Transmission/Transaxle; Automatic Transmission/
Transaxle; Final Drive Gears; Driveshaft/Drive Axles
Air Conditioning and Heating System 216
Basic Air Conditioning Cycle; Passenger
Compartment Heater; Heating and Cooling Controls
and Ductwork
Braking, Suspension, and Steering Systems 217
Braking System; Suspension System; Steering System;
Wheel Alignment; Tires
Chapter 12
Basic Diagnostic Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Strategy-Based Diagnostics 226
Seven Diagnostic Steps 226
Step 1: Determine the Exact Nature of the
Complaint; Step 2: Check for Obvious Causes;
Step 3: Determine Which Component or System
Is the Most Probable Cause of the Problem; Step
4: Perform Pinpoint Tests; Step 5: Check for
Related Problems; Step 6: Correct the Defect; Step
7: Recheck System Operation and Follow Up;
Importance of Follow-Up
Using Strategy-Based Diagnostics
to Diagnose Specific Problems 228
Example 1—Hard Starting Cold; Example
2—Hesitation; Example 3—Vibration; Example
4—Stalling; Example 5—Rough Idle; Example
6—Multiple Problems; Example 7—Spark Knock;
Example 8—Poor Fuel Economy; Example 9—
Hard Starting Diesel Engine; Example 10—Failed
Emissions Test