Chapter 1 Introduction to Engine Performance and Driveability. . . . . . . . . 13 Changes to the Automobile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Redesigned Vehicle Bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Aerodynamic Designs | Unibody Construction Effi cient Engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Lower Displacement | More Horsepower from Smaller Engines Improved Drive Train Design and Control . . . . . . 17 Additional Transmission Gears | Effi cient Torque Converters | Higher Final Drive Ratios | Front-Wheel Drive Computer Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Improvements in Fuel Delivery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Turbochargers and Superchargers . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Emission-Control Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Computer Control | Advances in Troubleshooting Emission Controls Improved Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 New Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Hybrid Vehicles | Fuel Cell Vehicles What Is Driveability? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 What a Tune-Up Means Today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Contents Chapter 2 Safety and Environmental Protection . . . 27 Importance of Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Causes of Accidents | Preventing Accidents The Technician and the Environment . . . . . . . . . 35 Proper Waste Disposal | Proper Service Procedures Chapter 3 Tools, Test Equipment, and Service Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Basic Diagnostic Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Gap Gauges | Vacuum Gauge | Vacuum Pump | Compression Gauge | Dynamic Compression Tester | Cylinder Leak Tester | Fuel Pressure Gauge | Backpressure Gauge | Ignition Spark Testers | Noid Lights | Computer Memory-Retaining Tool | Borescope and Stethoscope | Temperature Tester Basic Electrical Test Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Jumper Wires | Test Light Multimeters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Ohmmeter | Voltmeter | Ammeter Timing Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Vacuum Leak Detectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 6