On-Board Diagnostics Generation One (OBD I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 On-Board Diagnostics Generation Two (OBD II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 OBD II ECM | OBD II PROMs | OBD II System Monitors | OBD II ECM Diagnostic Testing | Trouble Codes | Malfunction Indicator Light | Data Link Connector Location and Design | Failure Types | Freeze Frame and Failure Records Chapter 8 Ignition System Fundamentals . . . . . . . 143 Ignition System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Primary Ignition Circuit | Distributor-Type Ignition Systems | Distributorless Ignition Systems Primary Wiring and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Resistor | Capacitor Ignition Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Ignition Timing Advance Systems . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Secondary Ignition Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Secondary Wires | Spark Plugs Misfi re Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Misfi re Monitor Operation | Ion- Sensing Ignition System Chapter 9 Fuel System Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . 159 Fuel System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Automotive Fuels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Gasoline | Diesel Fuel Fuel Delivery System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Fuel Tanks | Fuel Lines | Fuel Pumps | Fuel Filters Fuel Metering System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Fuel Injectors | Fuel Injection System Classifi cation | Fuel Injection Pressure Regulators | Cold Start-Up | Diesel Fuel Injection Systems Sensor Inputs for Computer Control of the Fuel Injection System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 OBD II Fuel System Monitoring and Control . . . 174 Fuel Trim Monitoring | Fuel Tank–Pressure Sensor Air-Induction System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Intake Manifold | Intake Plenum | Superchargers and Turbochargers | Vacuum Hoses | Air Cleaners and Filter Elements Chapter 10 Emission Control and Exhaust System Fundamentals. . . . . . . 183 Common Pollutants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Emission Control Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Emission System Tampering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Internal Engine Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Combustion Chamber Shapes | Compression Ratio | Number of Valves | Camshaft s | Variable Valve Timing | Th ermostats External Systems and Components . . . . . . . . . 190 Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) | Heated Oxygen Sensors (HO 2 S) | Th ermostatic Air Cleaner | Th rottle Body Coolant Passages | Evaporative Emission Control System | Air-Injection Systems | Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System Exhaust System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Exhaust Manifolds | Catalytic Converter | Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems | Muffl ers and Resonators | Exhaust Pipes and Tailpipes | Exhaust System Factors | Non-Stock Exhaust System Alterations Emissions Inspections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Chapter 11 Drive Train and Other System Fundamentals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 How Non-Engine Systems Can Affect Driveability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Drive Train Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Manual Transmission/Transaxle Clutch | Automatic Transmission/Transaxle Torque Converter | Manual Transmission/Transaxle | Automatic Transmission/Transaxle | Final Drive Gears | Driveshaft /Drive Axles Air Conditioning and Heating System. . . . . . . . 216 Basic Air Conditioning Cycle | Passenger Compartment Heater | Heating and Cooling Controls and Ductwork Braking, Suspension, and Steering Systems . . . 217 Braking System | Suspension System | Steering System | Wheel Alignment | Tires 8 Auto Engine Performance and Driveability