Electrical and Electronic Test Equipment . . . . . . . . . .64 Jumper Wires | Test Lights | Scan Tools | Multimeters Service Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 General Service Information | Specialized Service Information | Transmission Repair Associations | Schematics | Troubleshooting Charts | Telephone Hotlines | Internet Resources Repair Orders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 Chapter 4 Gears, Chains, and Bearings . . . . . . . . . 75 Gear Drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 Types of Gears | Gear Nomenclature | Gear Ratio | Reverse Gear | Planetary Gear Ratios | Gear Inspection Chain Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81 Types of Chains | Chain Tensioners | Chain Drive Ratio | Chain Lubrication | Chain Inspection Bearings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84 Friction in Bearings | Types of Bearings | Friction Bearings | Antifriction Bearings Related Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92 Th rust Washers | Retainer Plates | Collars | Splines | Keys and Keyways Chapter 5 Sealing Materials, Fasteners, and Lubricants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 Types of Seals | Seal Service Gaskets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106 Gasket Materials | Gasket Problems | Gasket Service Sealants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108 Types of Sealers | Form-in-Place Gaskets | Th read-Locking Compounds and Th read Sealers Adhesives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 Fasteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 Th readed Fasteners | Fastener Classifi cation | Fastener Torquing and Tightening Sequence | Removing Broken Fasteners | Snap Rings Automatic Transmission Fluids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 Transmission Fluid Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113 Synthetic Fluids | Fluid Types | Synthetic Replacement Fluids | Fluid Additives | Checking Transmission Fluid Level Chapter 6 Hydraulics and Pneumatics . . . . . . . . . 119 Hydraulics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120 Types of Hydraulic Systems | Hydraulic Pressure | Flow Rate | Hydraulic Pumps | Hydraulic Valves | Actuators Pneumatics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127 Types of Pneumatic Systems Chapter 7 Basic Electricity and Electronics. . . . . . 131 Electrical Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132 Atoms and Electricity | Conductors and Insulators | Electron Flow | Electrical Measurements | Direct and Alternating Current | Types of Electrical Circuits | Circuit Defects Electromagnetism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 Vehicle Wiring and Electrical Components. . . . . . . .136 Wiring | Wiring Schematics | Circuit Protection Devices | Switches | Solenoids and Relays | Motors | Resistors | Capacitors | Semiconductor Devices Vehicle Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144 Computer Circuits | Control Loops | Main Computer Sections | Computer Diagnostics Chapter 8 Automatic Transmission Mechanical Components. . . . . . . . . . . 149 Construction Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150 Torque Converter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150 Torque Converter Construction | Torque Converter Operation | Converter Stall Speed | Lockup Torque Converter Automatic Transmission Shafts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157 Input Shaft | Output Shaft | Stator Shaft Planetary Gearsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159 Planetary Gearset Power Flow | Compound Planetary Gearset | Recent Gear Train Designs Planetary Holding Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169 Multiple-Disc Clutches | Bands and Servos | Overrunning Clutches Converter Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177 Automatic Transmission Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178 Center Support Extension Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180 Contents 7