Flux Cored Arc Welding Handbook, 3rd Edition Page 48 (48 of 177)

Weld Types
Various types of welds can be made for each of the
five basic joints.
Welds made for butt joints, Figure 6-2, include:
• Square-groove butt weld.
• Bevel-groove butt weld.
• V-groove butt weld.
• J-groove butt weld.
• U-groove butt weld.
• Flare-V-groove butt weld.
• Flare-bevel-groove butt weld.
Welds made for T-joints, Figure 6-3, include:
• Bevel-groove weld.
• J-groove weld.
• Fillet weld.
• Slot weld.
• Plug weld.
• Flare-bevel-groove weld.
Welds made for lap joints, Figure 6-4, include:
• Fillet weld.
• Bevel-groove weld.
• J-groove weld.
• Plug weld.
• Slot weld.
• Spot weld.
Welds made for corner joints, Figure 6-5, include:
• Butt weld or square-groove weld.
• Fillet weld.
• J-groove weld.
• Spot weld.
• V-groove weld.
• Edge weld.
48 Flux Cored Arc Welding Handbook
Figure 6-2. Types of welds that can be made with a basic butt
joint.
Flare-bevel Flare-V
J U
Butt Bevel V
Figure 6-3. Types of welds that can be made with a basic
Bevel J Fillet
Slot Plug
Flare-bevel
Figure 6-4. Types of welds that can be made with a basic lap
joint.
Fillet Bevel-
groove
J-groove
Plug Slot Spot

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Weld Types
Various types of welds can be made for each of the
five basic joints.
Welds made for butt joints, Figure 6-2, include:
• Square-groove butt weld.
• Bevel-groove butt weld.
• V-groove butt weld.
• J-groove butt weld.
• U-groove butt weld.
• Flare-V-groove butt weld.
• Flare-bevel-groove butt weld.
Welds made for T-joints, Figure 6-3, include:
• Bevel-groove weld.
• J-groove weld.
• Fillet weld.
• Slot weld.
• Plug weld.
• Flare-bevel-groove weld.
Welds made for lap joints, Figure 6-4, include:
• Fillet weld.
• Bevel-groove weld.
• J-groove weld.
• Plug weld.
• Slot weld.
• Spot weld.
Welds made for corner joints, Figure 6-5, include:
• Butt weld or square-groove weld.
• Fillet weld.
• J-groove weld.
• Spot weld.
• V-groove weld.
• Edge weld.
48 Flux Cored Arc Welding Handbook
Figure 6-2. Types of welds that can be made with a basic butt
joint.
Flare-bevel Flare-V
J U
Butt Bevel V
Figure 6-3. Types of welds that can be made with a basic
Bevel J Fillet
Slot Plug
Flare-bevel
Figure 6-4. Types of welds that can be made with a basic lap
joint.
Fillet Bevel-
groove
J-groove
Plug Slot Spot

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Objectives
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
• Identify the basic types of weld joints.
• Recognize the types of welds made for each type
of joint.
• Identify some modified weld joint configurations.
• Interpret introductory welding terminology and
symbols.
• Describe how weld designs and joints are
evaluated.
Important Terms
buttering
interpass temperature
joint
mismatch
postheating
preheating
stringer beads
surfacing
tooling
welding symbol
Joint Types
A joint is the junction or edges of members that are
joined. There are five basic types of joints, Figure 6-1:
• Butt joint.
• T-joint.
• Lap joint.
• Corner joint.
• Edge joint.
Weld Joint Preparation
Weld joints may be initially prepared in a number of
ways, including:
• Shearing.
• Casting.
• Forging.
• Machining.
• Stamping.
• Filing.
• Routing.
• Oxyacetylene cutting (thermal cutting process).
• Plasma-arc cutting (thermal cutting process).
• Grinding.
The final preparation of the joint before welding
will be discussed in subsequent chapters covering the
welding of a particular metal.
Weld Joints and
Weld Types
6 6
CHAPTER
47
Figure 6-1. Five basic types of weld joints used in FCAW.
Butt T
Lap Corner
Edge

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• Corner-flange weld.
• Flare-V-groove weld.
Welds made for edge joints, Figure 6-6, include:
• Butt weld or square-groove weld.
• Bevel-groove weld.
• J-groove weld.
• V-groove weld.
• U-groove weld.
• Edge-flange weld.
• Corner-flange weld.
Double Welds
Many groove welds are made from both sides of the
joint. The advantages of double-groove welds are:
• Less distortion of the final weldment.
• Less weld metal is needed, lowering cost.
• Preparation cost may be lower.
• Complete penetration through the joint.
Many fillet welds are also made from both sides of
the joint. The advantages of double-fillet welds are:
• Less distortion of the final weldment.
• Smaller fillet welds without loss of strength.
• Added protection for joints that contain fluids.
Applications for double welds are illustrated in
Figure 6-7.
Weldment Configurations
Basic weld-joint configurations are often modified
to assist in the assembly of the component parts, improve
joint access, or change the metallurgical and physical
properties of the weld. Some common weldment designs
are described here.
Joggle-type joints are used in tanks (cylinder-to-
head assemblies) where backing tooling or backing bars
are not effective or cannot be used, Figure 6-8. The auto-
motive industry uses this joint type in the manufacture of
unibody automobiles where one side of the panel must be
flush. One side of the panel is joggled with special joggle
tools. The unit is assembled, clamped, and the welding is
completed as required.
The tubular butt joint with built-in backing bar
design is used in tubular assemblies where tooling cannot
be inserted into the pipe diameter or where overall dimen-
sions are precise. In this case, the pipes are assembled
Chapter 6 Weld Joints and Weld Types 49
Figure 6-5. Types of welds that can be made with a basic
corner joint.
Butt
Fillet J
Spot V Edge
Corner
flange
Flare-V
Figure 6-6. Types of welds that can be made with a basic edge
joint.
Butt Bevel J
V-groove U-groove
Corner flange Edge flange

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