Contents
6
ContentsstnetnoC Contents
Introduction 4
Section 1
Introduction
to Welding
Chapter 1
Safety in the Welding Shop 13
Personal Safety and Clothing 14
Fire Hazards 14
Electrical Hazards 16
Machinery Hazards 16
Fumes and Ventilation 16
Storing Compressed Gases 16
Lifting 17
Hazardous Obstacles 17
Hand and Power Tools 17
Designated Welding and Cutting Areas 17
Suffocation Hazards 17
Welding on Hazardous Containers 18
Additional Safety Publications 18
Chapter 2
Welding and Cutting Processes 21
The Welding Process 21
Advantages of Welding and
Cutting Processes 22
History of Welding 22
Recent Developments in Welding
and Cutting Processes 24
Obtaining and Holding a Job in
the Welding Industry 24
Suggested School Subjects 26
Personal Traits Sought by Employers 26
Academic Skills Sought by Employers 26
Factors That Can Lead to Rejection
for Employment 26
Factors That May Lead to
Termination from a Job 27
Chapter 3
The Physics of Welding 29
Welding Theory 30
Properties of Metals 30
Effects of Welding 31
Heat-Treating 33
Electrical Principles 33
Units of Measurement 34
Chapter 4
Weld Joints and Positions 37
Basic Weld Joints 37
Types of Welds 41
Joint Geometry 42
Welding Positions 44
Section 2
Shielded Metal
Arc Welding
Chapter 5
SMAW: Equipment and Supplies 51
Shielded Metal Arc Welding Principles 51
SMAW Current and Polarity 52
SMAW Outfit 53
Chapter 6
SMAW: Equipment Assembly
and Adjustment 65
Welding Machine 65
Electrode and Workpiece Leads 67
Inspecting the SMAW Outfit 68
Adjusting the Machine 68
Chapter 7
SMAW: Electrodes 71
Covered Electrodes 71
Electrode Amperage Requirements 75
Chapter 8
SMAW: Flat Welding Position 81
Preparing to Weld 81
SMAW Safety Precautions 82
Striking an Arc 82
Arc Blow 83
Running a Weld Bead 85
Drag Welding 87
Cleaning the Weld 88
Reading the Bead 88
Fillet Welding 89
Butt Joint 91