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Contents
Chapter 9
SMAW: Horizontal, Vertical, and
Overhead Welding Positions 95
Preparing to Weld 95
Horizontal Welding Position 96
Vertical Welding Position 99
Overhead Welding Position 101
Weld Defects 102
Chapter 10
Surfacing 105
Surfacing Principles 105
Surfacing Electrodes 106
Surfacing Process 110
Surfacing with a Shielded Metal Arc 110
Section 3
Gas Metal
Arc Welding
Chapter 11
GMAW: Equipment and Supplies 115
Gas Metal Arc Welding Principles 116
Metal Transfer 116
GMAW Equipment 120
Protective Clothing and Equipment 126
Chapter 12
GMAW: Equipment Assembly
and Adjustment 129
Assembly and Setup 129
Selecting the Shielding Gas 133
Selecting the Electrode Wire 135
Welding Machine Settings 136
Preparing the Base Metal 137
Safety Precautions 138
Shutting Down a GMAW or
FCAW Station 138
Chapter 13
GMAW: Flat Welding Position 141
Gas Metal Arc Welding Principles 141
Holding the Welding Gun 142
Laying a Weld Bead 143
Making a Fillet Weld 145
Welding Aluminum 148
Weld Defects 150
Chapter 14
GMAW: Horizontal, Vertical, and
Overhead Welding Positions 153
Out-of-Position GMAW or FCAW 153
Welding in the Horizontal
Welding Position 154
Welding in the Vertical Welding Position 156
Welding in the Overhead
Welding Position 159
Section 4
Gas Tungsten
Arc Welding
Chapter 15
GTAW: Equipment and Supplies 163
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Principles 163
GTAW Equipment 164
Torches 167
Cables and Hoses 168
Shielding Gases 170
Regulators and Flowmeters 170
Remote Current Control 171
Protective Equipment 171
Chapter 16
GTAW: Equipment Assembly
and Adjustment 175
Equipment Assembly 175
Welding Machine Settings 178
Selecting and Preparing the Electrode 181
Preparing Metal for Welding 184
Chapter 17
GTAW: Flat Welding Position 187
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Principles 187
Welding a Bead on Plate 190
Welding a Bead on Plate with Filler Metal 191
Welding without Filler Metals 193
Fillet Welding a Lap Joint 194
Welding Inside Corner and T-Joints 195
Welding Butt Joints 196
Welding Other Metals 197
Weld Defects 198
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