Chapter 11 The Blood 349 Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Analyzing and Evaluating Data Th e chart on the right shows survival rates for leukemia and multiple myeloma patients fr om 1960 to 2007. Use this chart to answer the following questions. Survival Rates Five-Year Relative Survival Rates by Year of Diagnosis Myeloma Leukemia 1960–1963 2001–2007 1975–1977 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Source: SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results) Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2008. National Cancer Institute 2011 36. By what percentage did survival rates for multiple myeloma cases improve between the 1960s and 2007? 37. If a person was diagnosed with leukemia in 1976, what survival rate could be expected? 38. If a person was diagnosed with multiple myeloma in 2003, what survival rate could be expected? 39. Survival rates for both multiple myeloma and leukemia have consistently risen since the 1960s. Why do you think this is? Investigating Further 40. What are the current five-year survival rates for multiple myeloma and leukemia? Research the statistics online and determine the survival-rate percentage for both diseases. 41. In 1985, the United States established mandatory screenings of donated blood for blood-borne diseases, such as HIV. Research the blood donation process. For what other diseases must donated blood be screened to prevent transmission of diseases? Besides screening for blood-borne diseases, what steps must be taken to ensure that donors are healthy candidates for donation? Can people with tattoos donate blood? What about someone with a cold virus? 42. Hemophilia is a genetic blood disorder that is usually inherited. One of the most well-known carriers for hemophilia was Queen Victoria of England. Research the history of hemophilia in Queen Victoria’s family. Did this disease affect royal families in other nations? If so, why? Also, look into which members of her family were carriers and which suffered from the disease. Create a family tree to organize the information. 43. Research the history of blood transfusions from the 1600s to the present. Why did some transfusion efforts fail? What technological developments improved transfusion success rates?