xix Chapter 10 Cutting Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 10.1 Types of Cutting Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153 10.2 Application of Cutting Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . .155 10.3 Choosing a Cutting Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155 10.4 Cutting Fluid Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156 Chapter 11 Sawing and Cutoff Machines. . . . 158 11.1 Metal-Cutting Power Saws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159 11.2 Power Hacksaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160 11.3 Power Band Saw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161 11.4 Troubleshooting Power Hacksaws and Band Saws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164 11.5 Metal-Cutting Circular Saws . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165 11.6 Power Saw Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166 Chapter 12 Drills and Drilling Machines . . . . 168 12.1 Drilling Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169 12.2 Drill Press Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172 12.3 Drills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172 12.4 Drill-Holding Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177 12.5 Work-Holding Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179 12.6 Cutting Speeds and Feeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183 12.7 Cutting Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184 12.8 Sharpening Drills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184 12.9 Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188 12.10 Countersinking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192 12.11 Counterboring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193 12.12 Spotfacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194 12.13 Tapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195 12.14 Reaming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196 12.15 Microdrilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198 Chapter 13 Offhand Grinding. . . . . . . . . . . . 201 13.1 Bench and Pedestal Grinders . . . . . . . . . . . . .202 13.2 Other Types of Grinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 13.3 Grinding Wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 13.4 Abrasive Belt and Wheel Grinder Safety . . . . 206 13.5 Using a Dry Grinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 13.6 Using a Wet Grinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207 Chapter 14 The Lathe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 14.1 Lathe Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210 14.2 Major Parts of a Lathe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210 14.3 Work-Holding Attachments . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215 14.4 Cutting Tools and Toolholders . . . . . . . . . . . .224 14.5 Cutting Speeds and Feeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231 14.6 Preparing the Lathe for Operation. . . . . . . . . .234 14.7 Cleaning the Lathe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235 14.8 Lathe Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235 14.9 Facing Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236 14.10 Turning Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237 14.11 Parting and Grooving Operations . . . . . . . . . .241 14.12 Gathering Information from Chips . . . . . . . . . .243 Chapter 15 Other Lathe Operations . . . . . . . 247 15.1 Boring on a Lathe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248 15.2 Drilling on a Lathe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249 15.3 Reaming on a Lathe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250 15.4 Knurling on a Lathe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251 15.5 Filing and Polishing on a Lathe . . . . . . . . . . .253 15.6 Using Steady and Follower Rests . . . . . . . . . .254 15.7 Using Mandrels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256 15.8 Grinding on the Lathe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257 15.9 Other Lathe Attachments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259 15.10 Industrial Applications of the Lathe . . . . . . . .260 Chapter 16 Cutting Tapers and Screw Threads on the Lathe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265 16.1 Turning Tapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266 16.2 Measuring Tapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272 16.3 Cutting Screw Threads on the Lathe . . . . . . . .274 Chapter 17 The Milling Machine . . . . . . . . . 287 17.1 Types of Milling Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 17.2 Milling Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293 17.3 Milling Cutter Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 17.4 Types and Uses of Milling Cutters . . . . . . . . . .295 17.5 Holding and Driving Cutters . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 17.6 Milling Cutting Speeds and Feeds . . . . . . . . . 306