472 Interiors Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Manual rendering tips are many. Here are just a few. ■ Collect a clip file of magazine pictures and digital images of marker/pencil rendering techniques as examples to follow in your renderings. ■ Draw small sketches first and then use a copier to enlarge the drawings for rendering. Small drawings (2 inch by 2 inch or 2 inch by 4 inch) are easier to sketch than large ones. ■ Photocopy any drawings you make as line work only. Make the photocopy on paper you plan to use for final drawing. Experiment with color on the copies before working on the original drawing. ■ Begin by rendering areas that you know to be standard colors. For example, render wood floors, other flooring, and plants. Along with building confidence, this helps you in composing the rendering. ■ Use marker media first to avoid removing ink and colored marker during application. Apply ink or colored pencil second. ■ Purchase a colorless marker blender to smooth edges between various media you use. ■ Use a straightedge to apply marker in wide strokes to plans, elevations, and sections. ■ Use a marker and pastel pencil combination when rendering a floor plan. They mix well and enhance each other’s rendering capabilities. If the image depicts carpet or wood flooring, use a straightedge and the lightest colored marker possible. When using a Prismacolor® pencil, use a straightedge when drawing wood plank lines to keep them crisp looking. After the rendering is complete, use a fine-tip marker to sharpen the lines again in the floor plan. ■ Apply colored pencil over markers to add highlights (for instance, white pencil), intensify dark areas, and intensify color. ■ Soften and subdue marker color with colored pencil. Marker color alone is often too intense for use in interior renderings. When using Prisma colored pencils, remember to sharpen them to keep lines crisp. Prismacolor pencils have soft tips. ■ Vary marker color slightly when rendering natural materials such as wood and stone. This requires going over particular areas with a second application of marker. ■ Start with a medium olive green when rendering plants. Add a dark green in the middle of plants (dense part of the plant) and add light green on the perimeter to show where the light hits. ■ Add a silhouette or image of a person to a drawing or sketch. There are many sketches online of different people. Print them and lay them under your drawing to trace the image. Verify that the posture is at the correct angle before adding the silhouette to your sketch. You could even add a client into your rendering. ■ Decide where the natural light is coming from before casting shadows and highlights. Create shadows with gray marker before applying pencil. Learning how to apply such media effectively moves a rendering from good to great. ■ Scale patterns on chairs and sofas to the floor plan. ■ Avoid overworking a rendering. Simplest is best. ■ Use a medium, darker, and lighter shade of the same color when rendering. Nothing you render is a single color. Even varying the pressure on a Prismacolor pencil allows you to get different tones. ■ Keep your hands clean at all times. Wash them periodically to avoid smudging your finished product. ■ Set a time limit for your rendering work. Sometimes rendering more quickly results in a better image. ■ Look online, purchase books, and gather resources as you learn to render. Place them around you as you begin. Do not be afraid to mimic technique, but do avoid plagiarism. Digital Rendering— Two-Dimensional Today, designers often want to enhance their hand- drawn illustrations—such as a perspective of a restau- rant—with specialized software. Conversely, many designers also want to take digital photographs and add hand-drawn appeal to them—such as the interior photograph of a client’s remodel project. With a continuous stream of new software and updates, the new word in digital rendering—especially in the two- dimensional realm—is experimentation. Designers often use manual and digital tools purposefully and frequently. The goal is to deliver the most professional, accurate visual presentation in the shortest amount of time. Photorealism (or photoreal) is a rendering style that looks like photography, Figure 13-44. It realistically shows spaces, textiles, materials, and furniture as they are to appear after building or installation. By scanning and importing images of exact materials selections for