1 Copyright by Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Aft er studying this chapter, you will be able to: • Explain why vehicles require suspension and steering systems. • Identify various suspension and steering systems. • Explain how the suspension and steering systems interact with other vehicle systems. • Identify types of vehicle body and frame construction. • Describe vehicle drive train systems. body-over-frame construction bushing center of gravity connecting rail constant velocity axle (CV axle) conventional suspension crumple zone diff erential double wishbone suspension drop frame electric power steering electronic steering control system electronic suspension control engine cradle four-wheel drive four-wheel steering frame rail front-wheel drive (FWD) input sensor limited-slip diff erential MacPherson strut suspension outer axle power steering rack-and-pinion steering rear-wheel drive (RWD) ring and pinion gears road feel safety cage separate frame construction short-long arm (SLA) suspension solenoid spring oscillation stub axle stub frame suspension control module transaxle transfer case transverse engine unibody construction unsprung weight wheelbase Basic Suspension and Steering Systems Operation Chapter 1 Technical Terms