3
Introduction
The number of CNC machines used in manufacturing continues
to grow for many reasons. A skilled machine operator can run multiple
CNC machines at the same time and produce more parts than a machinist
using a manual mill and lathe. An experienced machine programmer can
instruct a CNC machine to cut material away from a block of steel quickly
and accurately. Using CNC machines allows these workers to reproduce
parts to the same degree of accuracy throughout the day.
Just as the manufacturing industry has recognized the importance
of CNC machining, high schools, colleges, and vocational schools have
recognized the need for well-trained operators and programmers. This book
is designed to help the student understand the processes, tools, programs,
and machines used by successful machine operators and programmers.
Although there is a variety of machines and CNC controllers, CNC Machining
focuses on the G- and M- codes that remain the same from machine to
machine. These codes are explained, illustrated, and used in programs
found throughout this text. It is suggested that these program examples be
inputted into the schools’ machine controllers and the parts be produced
after necessary editing is performed to conform to the programming format
being used with that machine. The programs in CNC Machining are written
in long form to enable the student to become familiar with these codes. In
industry practice, these programs may be shortened extensively to increase
efficiency or follow a company format.
This text covers 3-axis CNC machining centers and 2-axis turning
centers. However, the same principles are also applied to machines with
many more axes and highly sophisticated setups. You should explore
the capabilities of these machines by attending trade shows, visiting
manufacturer’s Web sites, and contacting organizations and associations
that support CNC machine operators and programmers.
Read CNC Machining thoroughly, edit and run the programs shown in
the book, and research the various machines and controllers available, and
you will be on the path to a successful career in CNC machining.