Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 42 CNC Manufacturing Technology for advancement, an operator can have a difficult time advancing to the next level of training. 2.6.3 NIMS NIMS formed in 1995 to develop a set of credentials for metalwork- ing professionals. NIMS has since established a recognized set of stan- dards developed by industry in operational areas including metalforming, machining, and industrial maintenance. The standards range from entry- to master-level and require hands-on performance tasks and an online theory test. Training programs use NIMS credentials as performance measures of attainment, often incorporating the credentials as completion require- ments. The credentials may then form a basis for articulation among train- ing programs. Industry also uses the credentials to recruit, hire, place, and promote individual workers. NIMS also offers a competency-based apprenticeship program. The NIMS apprenticeship system represents a dramatic departure from tradi- tional time-based programs and integrates NIMS standards and skill cer- tifications in defining and measuring required competencies. The NIMS apprenticeship program was developed in partnership with the United States Department of Labor (DOL). More than 300 companies partici- pated in the deliberations and design of the program. Apprentices earn a DOL industry-recognized national credential after completing the pro- gram, and they can expect higher earnings and more advancement poten- tial as compared with non-apprentices. 2.6.4 Society of Manufacturing Engineers The Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME) has long provided training for the manufacturing industry. Typically, this training has been directed at manufacturing engineers or manufacturing technicians with extensive formal training and SME certifications. Most recently, SME has added Tooling-U, PRIME, and a wide range of other online courses that teachers can use in the classroom and machinists can use for professional develop- ment. SME and organizations like it recognize the manufacturing indus- try’s need to further develop the current workforce and inspire entry-level machinists. 2.6.5 National Tooling and Machining Association The National Tooling and Machining Association (NTMA) has also cre- ated an online machining education program. In 2011, NTMA launched NTMA-U. This online training course for machinists is open to anyone who is interested. NTMA has also been a partner, along with NIMS and other organizations, in growing and supporting the manufacturing indus- try. NTMA training is eligible for college credit through the University of Akron and is approved through the Federal Bureau of Apprenticeship Training.