20.2 LOGIC GATES 330
AND Gates 330
OR Gates 331
NOT Gates 331
NAND Gates 332
NOR Gates 332
XOR Gates 332
XNOR Gates 333
20.3 LOGIC FAMILIES 334
CMOS Logic 334
Transistor-Transistor Logic 335
20.4 DIGITAL APPLICATIONS 336
Logic Probe 337
Digital Encoders and Decoders 338
Digitized Analog Signals 338
Flip-Flops 338
Counters 340
Chapter 21 Oscillators 345
21.1 BASIC OSCILLATORS 345
Armstrong Oscillators 346
Hartley Oscillators 347
21.2 OTHER OSCILLATORS 348
Colpitts Oscillators 348
Crystal Controlled Oscillators 348
Applied E&E: Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR) 349
Power Oscillators 351
Operational Amplifier Oscillator Circuits 351
Section 5 Electronic Communication and Data Systems 354
Chapter 22 AM and FM Radio Communications 355
22.1 SIMPLE RADIO RECEIVER 355
Radio Waves 356
Project 22-1: Building a Crystal Radio 357
22.2 FREQUENCY AND WAVELENGTH 358
Frequency Spectrum 359
22.3 RADIO TRANSMITTER 361
Continuous Wave Transmitter 361
Microphones 362
Modulation 363
Project 22-2: Building an AM Transmitter 364
22.4 AMPLITUDE MODULATION (AM) 365
Modulation Patterns 365
Sideband Power 366
22.5 FREQUENCY MODULATION (FM) 367
Narrow Band FM 367
Modulation Index 368
Percent of Modulation 369
22.6 AM RECEIVER 369
The Tuning Circuit 369
RF Amplification 370
Detection 370
12 Electricity & Electronics
SECTION
4
SECTION
5