64 Chapter 4 Hand Tools
Divider, Compass, and
Trammel Points
The divider and compass are commonly used
to scribe arcs and circles. Figure 4-15 shows an
example of scribing a circle with pencil dividers.
These tools are also used to lay out distances and
to locate centers. Trammel points are generally
used to lay out large arcs and circles, Figure 4-16.
Calipers
Calipers are used to make precise inside and
outside measurements, such as inside and outside
diameters. Three types of calipers are available:
inside, outside, and hermaphrodite. Inside and
outside calipers are shown in Figures 4-17 and
4-18. In most cases, the measurement taken with
the calipers is read with a separate rule.
Templates
A template is a pattern that allows you to
lay out the same shape time after time. Tem-
plates are normally made in the woodshop from
available materials such as tempered hard-
board, plywood, cardboard, or poster board.
The design is laid out on the template material
exactly as it is to appear. It is then cut out. To
use a template, place it on the wood stock and
use a pencil or other marking device to transfer
the design to the wood as shown in Figure 4-19.
It is also possible to use a template as a guide
for drilling holes.
Layout and Transfer of
Curves and Irregular
Designs
Not all designs consist of simple squares or
rectangles. Sometimes you will have to mark
irregular designs or curves onto a workpiece.
Beam
Adjusting
screw
Sliding heads
Scriber points
Figure 4-15. Scribing a circle with pencil dividers.
Figure 4-17. Using inside calipers to measure the
inside diameter of a bowl.
Figure 4-16. Trammel points are used to scribe
large circles and arcs.
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Goodheart-Willcox Publisher