viii 15.3 Basic Compressor Classifications . . . . . .380 15.4 Compressor Design and Operation . . . . .381 15.5 Selecting a Compressor Package. . . . . . .390 Chapter 16 Conditioning and Distribution of Compressed Air . . . . . . . . . . . 394 16.1 Conditioning and Storing Pneumatic System Air. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .396 16.2 Air-Distribution System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .402 16.3 Final Preparation of Air at the Workstation . .406 16.4 Distribution System Conductors and Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414 Chapter 17 Work Performers of Pneumatic Systems . . . . . . . . 420 17.1 Pneumatic Cylinders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422 17.2 Pneumatic Rotary Motors. . . . . . . . . . . . .426 17.3 Pneumatic Reciprocating Motors . . . . . . .430 17.4 Other Pneumatic-Powered Functions and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .433 Chapter 18 Controlling a Pneumatic System. . 444 18.1 Primary Control Functions in a Pneumatic Circuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446 18.2 Basic Control Valve Design and Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446 18.3 Pressure Control Methods and Devices . . . .449 18.4 Directional Control Methods and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .452 18.5 Flow Control Methods and Devices . . . . .456 18.6 Special-Purpose Control Valves and Other Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457 18.7 Selecting and Sizing Pneumatic Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460 Chapter 19 Applying Pneumatic Power . . . . 466 19.1 Basic Circuits and System Analysis and Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .468 19.2 Workstation Air-Preparation Components . .468 19.3 Controlling System Air Pressure . . . . . . . .469 19.4 Controlling System Airflow Rate . . . . . . . .471 19.5 Controlling Actuator Motion. . . . . . . . . . . . 474 19.6 Circuits for Other System Functions . . . . .475 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .484 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .494 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .512 10.4 Pressure Control Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . .254 10.5 Directional Control Devices . . . . . . . . . . .269 10.6 Flow Control Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282 Chapter 11 Accumulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 11.1 Basic Functions of an Accumulator. . . . . .302 11.2 Accumulator Design and Operation . . . . .302 11.3 Functions of Accumulator Circuits. . . . . . .306 11.4 Selecting and Sizing Accumulators. . . . . .309 11.5 Setup and Maintenance of Accumulators. . .311 Chapter 12 Conditioning System Fluid . . . . 318 12.1 Need for Fluid Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . .320 12.2 Contaminants and Their Sources . . . . . . .320 12.3 Effects of Contamination. . . . . . . . . . . . . .320 12.4 System Operating Temperature . . . . . . . .321 12.5 Controlling and Removing Contaminants. . .322 12.6 Filter System Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . .330 12.7 Controlling Fluid Temperature. . . . . . . . . .331 Chapter 13 Applying Hydraulic Power . . . . . 338 13.1 Basic Circuits and Their Use in System Analysis and Design. . . . . . . . .340 13.2 Design and Operation of Basic Pressure-Related Circuits. . . . . . . . . . . . .340 13.3 Design and Operation of Basic Flow-Related Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345 13.4 Design and Operation of Basic Motion-Related Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . .351 13.5 Design and Operation of Circuits with Other Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354 Section 3 Pneumatic Systems Chapter 14 Compressed Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 14.1 Basic Source of System Air . . . . . . . . . . .364 14.2 Pneumatic System Compressed Air . . . . .365 14.3 Compression and Expansion of Air . . . . .367 14.4 Reaction of Air to Temperature, Pressure, and Volume. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368 Chapter 15 Source of Pneumatic Power . . . 374 15.1 Compressed-Air Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .376 15.2 Basic Compressor Design . . . . . . . . . . . .379