8 Graphic Communications
Environmental Compliance 56
CAAA Background 56
Clean Water Act (CWA) 57
Reducing and Eliminating Waste 57
Maintaining Tools,
Equipment, and Machines 60
Chapter 3
Measurement 62
Measurement Principles 63
Metric System 63
Metric Prefixes 64
Rules of Metric Notation 64
Metric Conversion 64
Academic Link: Converting US
Conventional Measurements to
Metric 65
Type Measurement 65
Didot Point System 66
Metric Type Sizes 66
Measuring Point Size 67
Measuring Paper Sizes 68
Envelopes 68
ISO Sizes 68
Think Green: ISO 14001 70
Paper Weight 70
Paper Thickness 71
Paper Brightness 71
Image Measurement 71
Monitor Viewing Conditions 72
Resolution 72
Scanning and File Sizes 72
Photoconversion
Measurement 72
Proportional Scale 72
Screens 73
Screen Angle Measurement 74
Tint Percentages 74
Grayscale 75
Digital Control Strip 75
Densitometer 75
Spectrophotometer 76
Chapter 4
Typography 78
Typefaces 79
Typography 79
Typeface Terminology 79
Type Style Development 80
Black Letter 81
Development of the Roman Type Style 81
Modern Typefaces 82
Contemporary Typefaces 83
Roman Typeface Elements 83
Typeface Classifications 83
Roman 84
Sans Serif 84
Square Serif 84
Black Letter or Text 85
Script or Cursive 85
Novelty or Decorative 85
Italic 86
Typeface Families, Series,
and Fonts 86
Typeface Family 86
Typeface Series 88
Type Font 88
Type and Typesetting
Measurements 90
Points and Picas 90
Academic Link: Notation and
Conversion of Picas and Points 91
Ems and Ens 91
Set Size 91
Letterspacing and Wordspacing 92
Kerning 92
Legibility Factors 93
Visibility 93
Definition 94