pplied Math Ap
Chapter
5
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you will be
able to:
• Differentiate between the US
Conventional and SI Metric
systems of measurement, and
make conversions from one
system to the other.
• Explain the point system of type
measurement.
• Identify standard grades of paper
and basic paper sizes.
• Compare grades of paper by basis
weight, thickness, and brightness.
• Explain how visual images are
produced and measured in a
desktop publishing system.
• Understand the use of proportional
scales, screens, and tint
measurements in the reproduction
of images.
Goodheart-Willcox Publisher
86 86
87 Chapter 5 ∣ Applied Math
Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
While studying this chapter, look for the activity icon to:
• Practice vocabulary terms with e-flash cards, matching
activities, and vocabulary game.
• Reinforce what you learn by submitting end-of-chapter
questions.
www.g-wlearning.com/visualtechnology/
Important Terms
basic size
basis weight
chromaticity
densitometer
desktop publishing system
didot point system
E gauge
grades
gram
grayscale
illumination
ISO series
leading
line gauge
liter
luminance
meter
metric conversion chart
metric prefixes
moiré pattern
nonpareils
paper caliper
paper sizes
pica
pixels per inch (ppi)
point
point system
reams
reflection densitometer
resolution
screen
screen angles
screen tint
SI Metric system
spectrophotometer
transmission densitometer
type sizes
US Conventional system
Chapter 9
∣
Digital Prepress and Production
Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Problems also occur when fonts in a document
have the same name as the printer’s fonts but are
actually different fonts. Computers
cannot distinguish
between fonts that are named the same, but originate
from different publishers. It
may not always be possible
to substitute one publisher for another. Avoid mixing
publishers within the same typeface family because
it complicates and slows the workflow.
Warning
Fonts are software and are subject to strict
software licensing agreements. The user is
responsible for maintaining licensed versions of
the fonts used at their location.
Color of Images
Dealing with color from a prepress perspective
is covered in great detail in Chapter 11,
Colorr. The r
following section looks at the color gamut and what
it means to the image.
Gamut
A color
gamutt
refers to a subset of colors within
a color space.
See
Figure 9-42.
On a computer,
a color can only be defined in one color space at
a time. For instance, if an image is in RGB format,
a pixel in that image cannot be a combination of
red and cyan, by definition. These color spaces are
Fonts are software and are subject to strict
software licensing agreements. The user is
responsible for maintaining licensed versions of
the fonts used at their location.
defined in different ways and have different gaa
The image can be converted from one space
another but they cannot coexist. Some
examppto
color spaces are RGB, CMYK, LAB, Pantoneples
color, and hex colors. The LAB color sspace
independent, and it communicates color on a
axis system. Measured with a
spectrophotomethree-amonlorphotometer,
the color is considered absolute, or exact.
is a global brand that uses a
formula-baasedPantoneemsyst
to provide specific ink colors for printing. A sppo
refers to any color or finish that requires its ow
for printing.
Hex colors
are colors defined usi
hexadecimal system for display on the
Interneeing
Traditional offset, four-color
processsInternet.
CMYK as the color space. Each of
theseeprintingisuses
down separately on the paper as it goes throu
press. There is one unit for each of the four co
Tiny dots work together in a rosette pattern
toocreatecolors.to
the optical illusion of a continuous tone im
we look at a printed page. However, looking th
a
loupe , or magnifier, the rosette is apparent
can see the individual color dots. See
Figure  9-43.
It is important to know that the inks do not “mi
dots overlap to create colors, and the
sizeet
changes to vary the visual saturation of the
coothe
the ink itself is always 100% of the CMYK colo
instance, a light blue sky uses the same cyannothat
dark blue car would use. They just have a diffe
sized dot and other colors surrounding them.
Figure 9-44.
This is covered in detail in
ChappSee11,erSm.
Colorr, and Chapter 12, r
Color Managementt.
Goodheart-Willcox Publisher
Figure 9-42.
A—Color mode is where you set the gamut for a document. B—Color picker shows the variety of color gamuts
available for a color.
Hexadecimal
Color
CMYK
Gamut
L*A*B
Color
RGB
Gamut
A B
195
fferent gamuts.
e
space
e exam
of
Pan tone
®, spot
is device-
act.
g. A spot color
s its own plate
ned usin a
colors
put
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ern
mage when
kin
g throughh
rent and you
gure
“mix.” The
of dot
he color, but
color. For
yan a
different-
hapt
.
ox Publisher
Chapter 1
∣ Overview of Graphic Communications
Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
©George Deal
Figure 1-18.
Laminating is a finishing operation that puts a protective coating over the image.
©George Deal
Figure 1-17.
Trimming is done to make all sheets even on edges. This is a large computer-controlled cutter that
automatically trims stock to size.
®
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Tour Guided d
Important Terms
list the key terms
to be learned in
the chapter.
Learning Objectives
clearly identify the
knowledge and skills to
be obtained when the
chapter is completed.
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he