vii Chinaview/Shutterstock.com Unit 1 Getting Started in the Kitchen. . . . . . 2 Chapter 1 Food Affects Life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 The History of Food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Making Choices About Foods. . . . . . . . . . . 5 Physical Influences on Food Choices. . . . . 7 Social Influences on Food Choices. . . . . . . 8 Psychological Influences on Food Choices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Factors That Affect the Food Supply. . . . 16 Chapter 2 Safety and Sanitation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Foodborne Illnesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .⤀ 25 Four Steps to Food Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Safety in the Kitchen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .⤀ 35 Chapter 3 Basic Skills and Equipment. . . . . . . . . . 42 Measuring Ingredients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Kitchen Utensils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Knives and Knife Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Cooking and Baking Equipment . . . . . . . 55 Chapter 4 Recipes and Work Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Using Recipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Microwave Recipes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Using a Time-Work Schedule. . . . . . . . . . 80 Chapter 5 Preparing Simple Recipes. . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Making Every Recipe Simpler . . . . . . . . . 87 Snacks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Sandwiches and Wraps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Pizza. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 FamVeld/Shutterstock.com Unit 2 Nutrition and Wellness. . . . . . . . . . . 98 Chapter 6 The Energy Nutrients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 The Nutrients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Carbohydrates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Fats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Proteins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Digestion and Absorption. . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Chapter 7 Vitamins, Minerals, and Water. . . . . . . 116 Vitamins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Minerals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Dietary Supplements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Chapter 8 Making Healthy Choices. . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Benefits of Healthy Choices. . . . . . . . . . . 135 Resources for Making Healthy Food Choices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Contents