Chapter 1 Careers in Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration .................................... 1 1.1 HVACR Industry Overview ................... 1 1.2 Why HVACR? .................................... 2 1.3 Job Skills .......................................... 5 1.4 Getting the Most Out of an HVACR Education ...................................... 13 Chapter 2 Hand Tools ........................................ 17 2.1 Tools for Technicians ........................ 17 2.2 Wrenches ....................................... 17 2.3 Pliers ............................................. 21 2.4 Screwdrivers ................................... 24 2.5 Hammers ........................................ 26 2.6 Hacksaws ....................................... 28 2.7 Drill Bits .......................................... 28 2.8 Snips ............................................. 30 2.9 Punches and Cold Chisels ................ 32 Chapter 3 Fasteners .......................................... 35 3.1 Threads ......................................... 35 3.2 Screws .......................................... 39 3.3 Bolts ............................................. 40 3.4 Machine Screws ............................. 42 3.5 Nuts .............................................. 42 3.6 Washers ........................................ 43 3.7 Anchors ......................................... 43 3.8 Other Fasteners .............................. 45 Chapter 4 Working with Copper Tubing ...... 49 4.1 Copper Tubing ................................ 49 4.2 Working with Copper Tubing ............. 51 4.3 Connecting Copper Tubing ............... 55 Chapter 5 Working with Pipe ......................... 65 5.1 Uses for Pipe in HVACR ................... 65 5.2 Steel Pipe ...................................... 65 5.3 Rigid Plastic Pipe ............................ 71 5.4 Adapters ........................................ 76 5.5 Alternative Methods of Pipe Connections ................................. 76 Chapter 6 Soldering ......................................... 81 6.1 Soldering Skills ............................... 81 6.2 What Is Soldering? .......................... 81 6.3 Fuel Gases .................................... 86 6.4 The Air-Acetylene Torch .................... 86 6.5 Soldering Techniques ...................... 91 6.6 Air-Acetylene Brazing ...................... 95 Chapter 7 Brazing and Flame Cutting ......... 99 7.1 What Is Brazing? ............................. 99 7.2 Heat Sources for Brazing .................100 7.3 Brazing Alloys ................................100 7.4 Fluxes for Brazing ...........................103 7.5 Gas Cylinders and Related Equipment ...................................104 7.6 The Oxyacetylene Flame .................110 7.7 Preparing to Use an Oxyacetylene Torch .......................................... 111 7.8 Making Brazed Connections .............112 7.9 Oxyacetylene Cutting ......................115 Contents xiii Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.