Chapter 8 Mathematics for Technicians .....121 8.1 Using Math ...................................121 8.2 Reading Place Values .....................121 8.3 Whole Numbers .............................122 8.4 Fractions .......................................122 8.5 Decimal Numbers ..........................123 8.6 Measuring Dimensions ...................124 8.7 Angles and Degrees of a Circle ........131 8.8 Temperature Scales ........................132 8.9 Using Percent for Profit Margin .........133 8.10 Rearranging Formulas ...................134 Chapter 9 Basic Thermodynamic Principles .....................................137 9.1 Refrigeration and Heat Movement ....137 9.2 Molecular Theory ...........................140 9.3 Physical States ..............................141 9.4 Sensible Heat ................................142 9.5 Specific Heat .................................143 9.6 Latent Heat ...................................144 9.7 Ton of Refrigeration Effect ...............147 Chapter 10 Temperature and Pressure .........151 10.1 Temperature and Pressure .............151 10.2 What Is Temperature? ...................151 10.3 Measuring Temperature .................152 10.4 Atmospheric Pressure ...................154 10.5 Absolute Pressure .........................158 10.6 Gauge Pressure ...........................158 10.7 Gas Laws ....................................159 10.8 Saturation Point ............................163 Chapter 11 Basic Refrigeration Cycle ...........167 11.1 The Basic Refrigeration System .......167 11.2 Refrigeration System Components ...167 11.3 Variations in Basic Refrigeration Components ................................176 Chapter 12 Other System Components ........191 12.1 Evaporating and Condensing Units .191 12.2 Liquid Receiver ............................192 12.3 Service Valves .............................195 12.4 The Gauge Manifold .................... 203 12.5 Filter-Driers ................................. 208 12.6 Sight Glass ..................................211 12.7 Sight Glass with Moisture Indicator ...212 12.8 Heat Exchanger ...........................213 12.9 Accumulator ................................213 Chapter 13 Refrigerants ...................................217 13.1 What Are Refrigerants? .................217 13.2 Brief History of Refrigerants ...........218 13.3 Halide Refrigerants .......................218 13.4 Naming Refrigerants .................... 220 13.5 Refrigerant Numbering System ...... 220 13.6 Azeotropic Mixtures ..................... 221 13.7 Inorganic Refrigerants .................. 221 13.8 Refrigerant Cylinder Colors ........... 221 13.9 Selecting a Refrigerant ................. 222 13.10 Refrigerant Applications .............. 235 xiv Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.