Chapter 14 Zeotropic Blends ......................... 241 14.1 Introduction ................................ 241 14.2 Pure Refrigerants, Mixtures, and Blends ................................. 242 14.3 Fractionation and Temperature Glide ......................................... 242 14.4 Retrofit ....................................... 244 14.5 Lubricants for Zeotropes ............... 246 14.6 Zeotropic Blends ......................... 248 14.7 System Accessories ..................... 252 14.8 Retrofit Procedures ...................... 252 Chapter 15 Refrigerant Recovery and Recycling ..................................... 259 15.1 Ozone Depletion ......................... 259 15.2 Montreal Protocol ........................ 261 15.3 The Clean Air Act ......................... 261 15.4 The “Three Rs:” Recover, Recycle, Reclaim ..................................... 263 15.5 Safe Disposal Requirements ......... 264 15.6 Record-Keeping Requirements ...... 265 15.7 Hazardous Waste Disposal ........... 265 15.8 Certification Requirements ............ 265 15.9 Recovery Requirements ............... 267 15.10 Recovery Procedures ................. 269 15.11 Recycle Equipment .................... 273 15.12 Capture Methods ........................274 Chapter 16 System Evacuation, Leak Detection, and Recharging ..... 281 16.1 System Evacuation ...................... 281 16.2 Leak Detection ............................ 288 16.3 Refrigerant Cylinders ................... 294 16.4 Pressure-Temperature Relationships .............................. 299 16.5 Charging Refrigerant into a System 304 Chapter 17 Working with Metering Devices .........................................313 17.1 Automatic Expansion Valves (AEVs) ..............................314 17.2 Capillary Tube Metering Devices .....316 17.3 Metering Orifices .......................... 320 17.4 Thermostatic Expansion Valves (TEVs) ............................. 320 17.5 Multiple-Evaporator Systems ......... 329 Chapter 18 Special-Purpose Valves ............. 333 18.1 Hand Shut-Off Valves ................... 333 18.2 Check Valves .............................. 334 18.3 Evaporator Pressure Regulators (EPRs) ....................... 335 18.4 Solenoid Valves ........................... 340 18.5 Crankcase Pressure Regulators (CPRs) ...................... 343 18.6 Hot Gas Bypass Valves ................ 344 18.7 Desuperheating Thermostatic Expansion Valve .......................... 348 18.8 Controlling Head Pressure ............ 348 18.9 Brazing Valves to Tubing ............... 352 xv Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.