Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. xv Abundant Activities and Assessments Maximize Success Copyrightt Goodheart-W illcoxCo.,Inc. 475 Summaryto ■ The ability graphically communicate ideas clearly, quickly , and with impact is the most important and oftetocommunication n most diff icult skill for interior design students learn.hand ■ Four basic visual techniques include sk etching, drafdrawby ting, rendering, and modeling. ■ Lear ning to well helps you to understand depth, proportion, and scale, resulting in bettincludeorhardware—suchas er work with drawing and rendering so ftware. ■ Digital to ols a computer , tablet, peripherals—software, and cloud computing. ■ Typresentation, pes of drawings designers use in various phases of the design process include ideation, and consingsk truction. ■ Sketching and freehand etching are tools designers use throughout the design process. ■ Three types of draw systems include orthographic, paraline , and perspective.ings ■ Interior designers use perspectivea draw to gi ve clients and team members more realistic view of an interior space. ■ Construction documents consist of contracts, working drawconstruction ings, and specifications requirements for design projects. ■ Designers sequentially label and number the pages of a set of drawings using a standard language called architectural drawing conventions . ■ A set of construction drawings incl udes a title block on each pato ge and follows specific lettering and draf ting standards. ■ Digitally creating construction draw—addingo- ings allows the designer work more quickly ficiently. ■ Rendering brings a drawing to lifeandtoefclients a thre e-dimensional human quali ty a tw dimensional image. ■ M odels allow interior designers and to study the vodigital lume of a space. ■ R endered models offe r lifelike simulations of a spac e, giving the clients maximum understanding.the ■ Building inform ation modeling (BIM) is a process that interfac es with certain so ftware to help design team and client evalua te all aspects of a project from design through construction and lifespan of the structure. Chapter Vocabularycardlegendvisuallydrawin Work in teams to locate a small image online that describes or explains each of the follooc wing terms. To create fl ashcards, write each te rm on a note and paste the image that describes or ex plains the term on the opposite side. building information modeling (BIM) cloud computing construction drawing contract document drafting drawing convention elevation fi le managementg fl oor plandrawin ideation isometric drawing model orthographic drawing paraline g peri pherals perspective drawinging photo tracing photorealism presentation draw projection raster-base d rendering section sk etching surface modeling symbolsk title bl vanishing point vector-based wireframe model Chapter 13 Review and Assess Design Application—Project-related activities that help learners develop design skills Portfolio Builder—Activities that help learners showcase their design-skill progress 476 Interior Design Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc Review and Study 1. Why is good visual communication important? 2. Name four purposes for visual presentations. 3. Contrast sketching with rendering. 4. List at least 10 standard manual tools a designer uses for manual drawings. 5. What digital tools does an interior designer typically use? 6. How do construction drawings and presentation drawings differ? 7. List and describe eight sketching techniques an interior designer might use. 8. What are three types of projection or drawing systems interior designers commonly use? 9. What is a vanishing point and how does the designer use it? 10. Name the three major types of specifications and briefly describe each. 11. Why is it important to sequentially label and number the sections and sheets of the construction documents package? 12. What is a title block and what information does it contain? 13. What do line types and line weights communicate about a design project? 14. What are drawing conventions? Give an example. 15. What are three benefits of using CAD programs to create digital drawings? 16. How does rendering enhance a client’s understanding of a space? 17. Name at least five art media a designer can use to render a drawing. 18. Contrast Bristol paper with watercolor paper. 19. List at least 10 rendering tips. 20. What is photorealism and how does it function? 21. Name seven types of handheld models. 22. Name three benefits of digital modeling. 23. What are three benefits of BIM and the software with which it interfaces? Critical Analysis 24. Draw conclusions. Review the Design Insight quote by Michael Graves at the beginning of the chapter. Draw conclusions about ways that drawings “express the interaction of our minds, eyes, and hands.” Cite text and personal examples. 25. Analyze progress. The author states that your sketchbook is “a type of journal or diary of images and places.” Obtain a sketchbook and several pencils and felt-tip pens. Begin your journal of sketches by sketching everything you see during every available minute. After two or three weeks of sketching, analyze your sketches and describe the improvements you see. 26. Distinguish effects. Use a digital or phone camera to take a series of photographs of an object at home or school at different times of the day. Be sure to capture the effects of natural and electric light on the object. How does the shift in light throughout the day impact your visual perception of the object? How does the light create shade, shadow, and textural effects? Think like a Designer 27. Speaking. Pull out a drawing or drafting tool from the mystery bag of tools on your instructor’s desk. Name the tool and describe how to use it to the class. 28. Math practice. Presume a client is renovating a home built from a kit purchased from Sears, Roebuck and Co. in 1915. The Hillrose House, plan #C189 was part of the Sears Modern Homes mail-order program (you can find the plan online using the plan’s name and number). The client has the original floor plans and hopes to maintain its original design. The client is concerned whether the original bedrooms will accommodate today’s bed sizes. The bedrooms measure: 13'-6" × 8'-0" 12'-8" × 8'-0" 13'-6" × 11'-6" 12'-8" × 11'-6". Using an architectural scale (1/4" scale)—and the standard measurements for twin, double, queen, king, and California king beds that you find online—create templates for each of the bed sizes. Then create a Co py righ Goo Desig activi desig Portfo help l desig Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Chapter 13 Review and Assess 477 document that shows the client your templates and a written rationale for the maximum bed size with clearances for each of the four bedrooms. 29. Sketching practice. To develop your sketching technique, follow the instructions for Exercises One through Seven on pages 439−444. Complete the exercises until you and your instructor are satisfied with the results. Save your best sketches for your portfolio. 30. Floor plan practice. Suppose you have a residential client who wants to remodel a small guest bathroom. The room is 6'-0" by 10'-0". Access to this bathroom is from the guest bedroom (12'-0" by 14'-5"). Your client wants to remove the bathtub and install a walk-in tiled shower. Draw a single- line floor plan of the bedroom and guest bathroom using a scale of 1/4" = 1'-0". Determine the size and placement of the bathroom fixtures—shower, vanity and sink, toilet, lighting, and heated towel bar. 31. Drawing elevations and sections. For the floor plan in item 30, draw an elevation of one wall. Then create a section drawing of the vanity and sink. Use a scale of 1/4" = 1'-0". Practice until you and your instructor are satisfied with the results. 32. Math practice. To practice using the architect’s scale, draw a 28" × 7'-0" door using three different scales: 1/8", 1/4", and 1/2" on a sheet of paper. Accurately label the dimensions and scale on the drawing of each door. 33. Manual rendering practice. Draw and freehand render an elevation of one of the bathroom walls for the bathroom in item 30. Use your rendering media of choice—colored pencils, markers, or watercolors. Limit your colors to three or four. 34. Isometric drawing practice. Using the floor plan created for item 30, create an isometric floor plan showing the relationship of the guest bathroom to the bedroom. Remember, each axis is at a 30-degree angle. 35. Interior perspective practice. Produce interior drawings using both one-point and two-point perspective. Use the text and online videos to guide your drawings. Practice the techniques until you and your instructor are satisfied with the results. 36. Manual lettering practice. Following text directions on page 454, use a 2H pencil to practice your manual lettering by writing the alphabet. First create lettering guidelines that are 1/4 inch high (main title size). Then create block-style uppercase letters. Practice your architectural lettering technique until you and your instructor are satisfied with the results. 37. Manual rendering practice. Locate online a simple lined perspective for a commercial or residential interior design working drawing and print a copy. Use two different colored pencils or markers to freehand render the space following text directions. Repeat until you and your instructor are satisfied with the results. 38. Digital rendering practice. Locate a simple lined perspective online to digitally render. Using the rendering tools in your software, practice rendering the image until you and your instructor are satisfied with the results. 39. Manual modeling practice. Create a simple model presentation following the text instructions on pages 470-471. Design Application 41. Design a 3-D model. Three-dimensional models allow the designer and client to explore design ideas. and can be made with everyday materials. In teams, choose a phrase from the Dr. Seuss book, Oh the Places You’ll Go!, on which to base your team model. Then do the following: A. Collect the following to put in your “kit of parts:” toilet paper tube 3"bag,5aachop × " card, plastic straw, plastic utensil, aluminum foil (12 " × 5" ), letter-size envelope, pencil, string, soda can, plastic sandwich sticks, piece of fabric a round object, rough-surfaced object, a 12-inch object, piece of wood, a red object, a white object. ( Note: The scale of all objects must fi t in a brown paper lunch sack. You can only use these objects.) B. Locate a 16" × 16"foam platform for your team’s model. It can be core, mat board, or brown cardboard.on C. As a team, build the model using the items in your bag and the 16-inch platform. Your model must be based the phrase from Dr. Seuss and must stick together for at least one week. 42. Portfolio builder. Save all satisfactory sketches, drawings, perspectives, renderings, and models in both your physical and digital portfolios. You will need to take photographs of some items for your digital portfolio. Critical Analysis—Questions and activities promote higher-order critical analysis of key design issues Think like a Designer— Application activities link core skills and instrumental design skills