694 Interior Design Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. personal autonomy. The freedom to separate self from others, to be alone with thoughts and feelings, to explore personal limitations, and strive for independence. (15) personal space. The physical distance between two or more people, or from an object. (10) personalization. The stamp of personal personality and a refl ection of values, preferences, or territory on a place or space. (10) perspective drawing. A drawing technique designers use to show a three-dimensional space on a two- dimensional plane. (6) perspective drawing. A three-dimensional drawing that shows volumes and relationships of space in a two-dimensional realm allowing for a more realistic looking image of an interior space. (13) photo tracing. A one- or two-point perspective the designer draws over a photo of a client’s interior (the photo serves as a grid template). (13) photorealism. A rendering style that looks like photography also photoreal. (13) pigments. Substances that impart black, white, or a color to other materials that absorb certain parts of the light wave and refl ect others. (8) pilasters. Slightly projecting columns applied to a wall found in private residences during the Baroque period. (9) pile. The surface face yarns of carpet that form loops during tufting or weaving. (11) place attachment. An emotion that evolves over time and involves the positive bonds to a particular place, such as a childhood home. (10) placemaking. A concept originating in the 1960s, the goal of which is to evoke feelings of pleasure, happiness, and well-being in public interiors. (10) placemaking. The ability to transform a space from simple habitation to one that holds meaning, refl ects self-identity, and evokes the history of the individual or culture. (2) plagiarism. The act of claiming another person’s material as your own. (17) plumbing chases. False walls—either horizontal or vertical—that conceal plumbing. (14) portfolio. Visual, fl uid samples that showcase a person’s design and communication abilities, and includes such items as photographs of fi nished interior spaces, fl oor-plan drawings, free-hand sketches, or conceptual models. (4) positioning. Actions the designer takes to create a certain image, such as a recognizable brand of a service in the minds of their clients. (4) post-occupancy evaluation (POE). A systematic evaluation of the user’s opinion of the fi nal design in which the designer analyzes the client’s original goals, identifi es the problem, and compares them to the fi nal design solution. (6) practice act. Legislation that requires individuals who practice interior design to be licensed in addition to regulating who can use the title registered, certifi ed, or licensed interior designer. (4) presentation drawing. A conceptual drawing designers use to illustrate design ideas and solutions in hopes of selling the proposal to the client. These drawings are generally used during the Schematic design and Design development phases. (13) price point. Standard prices set by a designer or manufacturer. (3) primary colors. The hues of yellow, red, and blue are primary colors. (8) principles. Guidelines that govern the choices and actions designers take to achieve good design including creatively using the elements of design. (7) privacy. A process that involves both seeking human interaction and controlling it. (1) privacy regulation theory. A theory that explains why people prefer staying alone sometimes and at other times appreciate the opportunity for social interactions a type of boundary regulation. (10) private zones. Spaces allocated to private living. (15) pro bono work. Professional work that is done for the public good, generally without charging a fee. (17) problem statement. A description of issues the designer needs to address during the design process. It can be a sentence or a series of paragraphs that describe the client’s issues and needs to address by the time the design process is complete. (16) profession. An occupation that requires specialized knowledge and in-depth academic education and training. (2) profi tability. A business concept that shows the importance of making more money than is spent. (4) Program. A written or visual document that presents an ideal scenario for the client’s new space. (14) projection. According to Francis Ching, a projection is “…the technique of representing a three- dimensional object by extending all its points by straight lines, called projectors, to a picture plane, an imaginary transparent plane.” (13) proportion. The relationship between a whole object and one of its parts. (7) proprietary information. Any work that employees of a company create on the job and is owned by the company. (17) prototype. An idea produced in three dimensions an original model of a product or idea. (6)