Glossary 695 Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. prototypical layouts. Layouts based on the minimum square-footage requirement for the tasks people perform in a space. (14) proxemics. The study of how humans use space and how it relates to environmental and cultural factors developed by anthropologist Edward T. Hall. (10) public zones. Social areas that include the entry, living room, great room, dining room, and guest bathroom. (15) punch lists. Lists of tasks the builder or subcontractor completes—during and after construction—before the fi nal building inspection and client occupation of a space. (6, 14) punctuality. The quality of being on time. (17) Q qualitative research. A type of research,—such as personal observations that require a judgment and more than yes and no answers to questions—to determine how the existing structure and spaces shape human behavior. (6) quality of light. Subjective in nature, quality of light allows users to function comfortably in an interior, feel safe in it, and appreciate its design aesthetics. (8) quantitative research. A type of research that deals with facts and fi gures that can be numerically analyzed, such as diagrams of peak times consumers visit a store. quantity of light. The amount of light in footcandles needed to be safe and to function in a space. (8) R radial balance. When all elements radiate out from one center point in a circular fashion similar to spokes on a wheel. (7) raster-based. An image-editing application that uses pixels to form images rather than mathematical formulas. As pixels increase in size, raster-based images tend to degrade. (13) reassembly. Splicing something into puzzle pieces and rearranging them into a new design or viewing them from a new perspective for a new purpose. (5) refracts. When light splits apart as it travels through a prism and appears to the human eye as a rainbow. (8) relational bubble diagram. Two-dimensional illustrations that capture the priority of relationships of spaces to each other as identifi ed in the adjacency matrix. (6) rendering. The process of adding color, values, textures, and patterns to a representative interior or exterior space using a variety of manual or digital tools. (13) request for proposal (RFP). A design plan submitted by a designer or design fi rm to a government entity that requests it. The designer or design fi rm is not under contract with the government entity. (3) re-scaling. Interpreting and envisioning a different scale (larger or smaller) for an object or situation. (6) residential design. The process of designing the interiors for primary residences and secondary dwellings. (2) resilient fl ooring. Flooring that is fl exible and provides impact absorption. (11) respect. The feeling that someone or something is good, valuable, and important. (17) restrike time. A period of time (usually two to 10 minutes) in which the inner arc tube of an HID lamp needs to cool down before restarting the lamp. (8) retention of services. A contract that both the designer and client sign when both agree the designer’s skills match the client’s needs. (6) retro. A style that is fashionably nostalgic of the past. (12) rhythm. A creative, repetitive blend of movement and visual form in a conscious, regular arrangement. (7) S scale. The size of an object or building relative to a known constant, such as the human body. (7) schematics. Quick drawings the designer uses to help the client envision fl oor plans, circulation patterns, three-dimensional spaces, and more. (6) scope creep. Project requirements a client adds to existing project demands that are not defi ned in the scope of work. (4) scope of services. The type and extent of design services or tasks the designer completes for the client’s design project which affects the associated fees. Also scope of work. (4) sculpted. The three-dimensional appearance of carpet, typically with the higher loops cut and the lower loops uncut. (11) secondary colors. Colors formed by mixing two primary colors together green, orange, and purple. (8) section. An elevation drawing that shows a series of multiple walls from different rooms along a consecutive plan a vertical slice cut through a series of elevations along the entire length or width of a building. (6)