296 Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology 36. A person has burned his tongue and has trouble tasting food. He has damaged the _____ on his tongue. 37. The flavors of beef and MSG make up the basic taste sensation known as _____. 38. Approximately 75% to 90% of taste is actually supplied by your sense of _____. 39. The gustatory sense comprises only five basic tastes: umami, sweet, bitter, sour, and _____. 40. Maintaining good oral hygiene is the best way to avoid _____ tongue disorder. Thinking Critically 41. Describe at least three functions of your nose and sense of smell. 42. Explain why a particular smell might trigger a memory. Use the anatomy and physiology you learned in this lesson and previous lessons to support your hypothesis. 43. With a group of friends, taste various foods. Discuss and compare your sensitivity to the five basic tastes with your friends’ sensitivity to these tastes. How would you describe your sense of taste compared with their sense of taste? 44. Humans can detect approximately 10,000 different smells. Using the internet, conduct research to discover the name of the general disease state that causes the partial or total loss of a person’s sense of smell. Describe its impact on an individual’s activity of daily living. Thinking Critically 30. Mrs. Omar took her baby to the pediatrician because the baby had cried throughout the night and kept holding the left side of his head. Mrs. Omar told the doctor that her baby had suffered a cold for about a week. After examining the baby’s ear, the doctor reported that the baby had a bulging, red eardrum. The doctor thought the cause was a middle ear infection. What is the correct name for this condition, and what treatment do you think the doctor prescribed? Explain your reasoning. LESSON 7.3 Smell and Taste Learning Key Terms and Concepts 31. The thickened end of the olfactory nerve, which sends impulses on to the brain, is the olfactory _____. 32. True or false? Humans have a better sense of smell than most animals. 33. The common cold is the most frequent cause of inflammation of the mucous membranes in the nasal passages, a condition known as _____. 34. A hole that develops in the nasal septum due to ulcer or long-term exposure to toxic fumes results in the condition known as _____ septum. 35. Where are taste buds not found? A. in the nose B. on the tongue C. on the lips D. on the roof of the mouth Building Skills and Connecting Concepts 45. In which age range does the highest percentage of people (male and female combined) experience their first hearing loss? 46. Which group—male or female—tends to lose the ability to hear at an earlier age? 47. If you are a female, what are the approximate odds that you will retain your full hearing until you reach 65 years of age? if you are a male? A. 1 in 4 B. 1 in 6 C. 1 in 3 D. 1 in 5 Analyzing and Evaluating Data Instructions: The chart in Figure 7.28 shows the age ranges at which people begin to experience hearing loss. For each age range, percentages of the total population are given for both males and females. Use the chart to answer the following questions. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.