ix Chapter 9 The Respiratory System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338 Lesson 9.1 Anatomy of the Respiratory System . . 340 Lesson 9.2 Respiration: Mechanics and Control . . 348 Lesson 9.3 Respiratory Disorders and Diseases . . . 357 Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . . . 370 Chapter 10 The Blood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .376 Lesson 10.1 The Function and Composition of Blood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 Lesson 10.2 Blood Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 Lesson 10.3 Blood Disorders and Diseases . . . . . . . 395 Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . . . 408 Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .412 Lesson 11.1 Heart Anatomy and Physiology . . . . . 414 Lesson 11.2 Regulation of the Heart . . . . . . . . . . . 423 Lesson 11.3 Blood Vessels and Circulation . . . . . . 427 Lesson 11.4 Cardiovascular Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . . . 456 Chapter 12 The Lymphatic and Immune Systems . . . . . . . . . . .462 Lesson 12.1 The Lymphatic System . . . . . . . . . . . . 464 Lesson 12.2 Nonspecifi c Defenses . . . . . . . . . . . . 474 Lesson 12.3 Specifi c Defenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 Lesson 12.4 Disorders and Diseases of the Immune System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492 Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . . . 502 Chapter 13 The Digestive System and Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . .508 Lesson 13.1 Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510 Lesson 13.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Digestive System . . . . . . . . . . . 516 Lesson 13.3 Disorders and Diseases of the Digestive System . . . . . . . . . . . 536 Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . . . 546 Chapter 14 The Urinary System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .550 Lesson 14.1 The Kidney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552 Lesson 14.2 Urine Formation, Storage, and Excretion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558 Lesson 14.3 Diseases and Disorders of the Urinary System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571 Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . . . 584 Chapter 15 The Male and Female Reproductive Systems . . . .588 Lesson 15.1 Reproduction and Development of the Human Reproductive Systems . . . 590 Lesson 15.2 Male Reproductive System . . . . . . . . . 596 Lesson 15.3 Female Reproductive System . . . . . . . 601 Lesson 15.4 Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth . . . 611 Lesson 15.5 Disorders and Diseases of the Reproductive Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 620 Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . . . 632 Appendix A Metric Conversion Table. . . . . . . . . . . 637 Appendix B Basic Mathematical Operations . . . . . 638 Appendix C Anatomy and Physiology Word Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640 Appendix D Common Medical Abbreviations . . . . 644 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665