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Chapter 3 The Muscular System 71
Disease/Condition Defi nition
carpal tunnel syndrome
(CTS)
Disorder marked by pain, burning, and
itching or tingling due to an infl amed
median nerve and tendons in the wrist;
commonly associated with repetitive
activity and/or overuse injury.
contracture
kun-TRAK-cher
Permanent tightening of skin, muscles,
tendons, ligaments, and fascia (a band
or sheet of fi brous tissue that encloses
muscle tissue); most commonly due to
lack of use or immobilization.
Duchenne muscular
dystrophy (DMD)
doo-SHEN MUS-kyoo-ler
DIS-truh-fee
Progressive disease that weakens the
muscles of the shoulder and pelvic
girdle. DMD is a sex-linked recessive
trait that affects mostly males.
dystaxia
dis-TAK-see-uh
dys- = painful; diffi cult
tax/o = coordination
-ia = condition
Partial ataxia; a mild form of ataxia (lack
of muscular coordination that produces
shaky, unsteady movements).
fasciitis
FAS-ee-IGH-tis or FASH-ee-
IGH-TIS
fasci/o = fi brous band;
fascia
-itis = infl ammation
Infl ammation of a fascia (a band or sheet
of fi brous tissue that encloses a muscle
or group of muscles).
fl accidity
fl uh-SIH-dih-tee
Condition or state in which muscles
are fl abby, relaxed, or have defective or
absent tone. Tone is the normal tension
present in muscles in a resting state.
hemiparesis
HEM-ee-puh-REE-sis
hemi- = half
-paresis = weakness
Weakness or slight paralysis on one side
of the body.
hemiplegia
HEM-ee-PLEE-jee-uh
hemi- = half
-plegia = paralysis
Total paralysis on one side of the body.
hypertrophy
high-PER-truh-fee
hyper- = above normal;
excessive
-trophy = condition of
growth or development
Excessive growth or abnormal
enlargement of a muscle (Figure 3.7 on
the next page).