72 Introduction to Medical Terminology
Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Disease/Condition Defi nition
hypotonia
HIGH-poh-TOH-nee-uh
hypo- = below normal;
defi cient
-tonia = tone; tension
Loss of muscle tone.
impingement syndrome
im-PINJ-ment
Condition that occurs when tendons
of the shoulder become impinged,
or compressed, by the bones of the
shoulder (Figure 3.8).
muscular dystrophy (MD)
MUS-kyoo-ler DIS-truh-fee
dys- = painful; diffi cult
-trophy = condition of
growth or development
Genetic disease characterized by
progressive muscular weakness and
skeletal muscle deterioration (Figure 3.9).
myalgia or myodynia
migh-AL-jee-uh or MIGH-oh-
DIN-ee-uh
my/o = muscle
-algia / -dynia = pain
Muscle pain.
myasthenia gravis
MIGH-uhs-THEE-nee-uh
GRAV-is
my/o = muscle
-asthenia = weakness
Chronic autoimmune disease
characterized by voluntary muscle
weakness that worsens after activity and
improves after rest.
Normal heart
Right
ventricle
Left
ventricle
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Enlargement
of the heart
muscle
Figure 3.7 At left, a normal heart; at right, a heart affected by muscular hypertrophy.
Swollen
bursa
Inflamed
tendon
Acromion
Figure 3.8 When the bones
of the shoulder compress the
shoulder tendon, the result is
impingement syndrome.