Journalism: Publishing Across Media ix Contents Chapter 1 Bringing Information to an Audience What does a journalist do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Are You Already a Journalist? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 What Is Different About Journalism? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Who Is a Journalist? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 The Audience: Who They Are, Why They Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 How Do You Learn About Your Audience? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Chapter Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Chapter 2 News Values and Story Ideas What do we cover? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 News Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Story Ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Chapter Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Chapter 3 Media Law May we cover that? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 The First Amendment and Journalists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Shield Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Traditional Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Freedom of Information Act—Everyone’s Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Laws That Limit Rights and Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Chapter Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Chapter 4 Media Ethics Should we cover that? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 Ethical Dilemmas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Codes of Ethics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 What You Owe Your Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 What You Do and Do Not Owe Your Subjects and Sources . . . . .103 What You Do and Do Not Owe Your Advertisers . . . . . . . . . . . 113 What Do You Owe Your Publication and the Journalism Profession? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Who Is Responsible for Guarding Against Ethical Breaches? . . . 117 Chapter Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118