Glossary 445
formal operations.
Piaget’s fourth stage of cognitive
development in which adolescents think in more
abstract terms. (9)
functional play.
Using repetitive motions in play
such as moving a toy car in circles. (7)
G
gender identity.
A child’s sense about being a boy or
a girl. (7)
gender roles.
Expectations about what is expected
of boys or girls in how they should act, how they
should feel, and what should be of interest to
them. (7)
generational cohorts.
People who are born in a
similar time in history. (11)
Generation X.
People born between the years of 1965
and 1979. (11)
generativity versus stagnation.
Erikson’s socio-
emotional stage in middle adulthood when adults
begin to either leave legacies of themselves to the
next generation or live solely for themselves. (11)
genes.
Part of a DNA molecule that determines
individual traits. (2)
genetics.
The study of genes. (2)
germinal period.
The pregnancy stage that extends
from conception until about two weeks later when
implantation in the uterus occurs. (4)
gestational diabetes.
A type of diabetes that occurs
only during pregnancy. (4)
giftedness.
Students who are ahead of their peers in
at least one area of intelligence. (3)
glaucoma.
Eye condition that involves damage to the
optic nerve, and in which vision is distorted. (12)
grief.
The mental anguish or sadness that accompanies
bereavement. (12)
gross-motor skills.
Physical tasks involving large
muscle movements such as crawling, walking, and
jumping. (1)
growth spurts.
Rapid changes in both height and
weight. (9)
H
hand and eye coordination.
Using visual input to
guide a hand activity. (7)
Head Start.
A government funded preschool
program which focuses on preparing disadvantaged
children for school. (7)
heart attack.
Condition that occurs if the heart
function is stopped. (11)
heredity.
Traits that people are born with or have
genetically acquired. (1)
high school.
Includes grades 9 or 10 through 12. (16)
HIV.
The human immunodeficiency virus which
causes AIDS. (4)
holophrases.
One word descriptors used for many
different, but related objects. (6)
home care aide.
Professional who helps clients who
need assistance with daily living activities such as
bathing and dressing. (17)
hormones.
Chemicals that travel through the
bloodstream and cause a change or development
within the body. (9)
hospice care.
A form of care given by trained medical
professionals, which focuses on making a person
comfortable in his or her last days and hours of
life. (12)
hospital patient account executive.
Professional who works in the medical field to
help provide customer service and determine
payment plans for patients. (17)
hot flashes.
The feeling of suddenly being very warm
and sweaty. (11)
human behavioral environment.
All the societal
systems that regulate behavior and relationships
between people. (3)
human constructed environment.
Products
produced for consumers to use. (3)
human development.
A gradual process through
which humans change from birth to adulthood. (1)
human papillomavirus (HPV).
A common STI
virus linked to cervical cancer. (4)
hyperopia.
An eye condition that results in
difficulty seeing objects that are near. Also called
farsightedness.
(8)
hypothesis.
Prediction about something that can be
tested. (2)
I
identity versus identity confusion.
Erikson’s
stage when adolescents experiment with different
roles and integrate opinions of others to formulate a
sense of self. (9)
idiom.
Figure of speech used as an expression that has
cultural meaning, but does not necessarily make
sense. (9)
imaginary audience.
Adolescents’ belief that
everyone is watching them. (9)
impulse buying.
Making unplanned purchases. (14)
inclusion.
Placing students with special educational
needs in a general education classroom setting all
or most of the time so students will benefit from the
whole class experience. (3, 8)
income.
Money earned through work. (14)